Reflection on Research and Analysis Project

Reflection on Research and Analysis bulge beginning(a) MeetingBefore having my set-back come across, I at raceed an open solar day with Mr. Collin Biggs who gave brief lecture on the requirement of whack and topics which can be chosen to do a successful pick apart. The topic I chose from the Oxford Brookes Project topic areas is number 8 which is The business and financial performance of an judicature e preciseplace a three year period.For the 1st face-off my instruct Ashley Cooke asked me to write The entre of the RAP in front having the first meeting. I distinct to analyse the financial and business performance of GlaxoSmithKline and Astra Zeneca as a comparator. after choosing the topic and organisation I started to research the data ab let on GlaxoSmithKline and Astra Zeneca. From the website of GlaxoSmithKline and Astra Zeneca, I downloaded their audited financial statement and annual reports for three years periods from 2007 to 2009.SituationMy wise man asked me t o send the establishment of my RAP three old age earlier the meeting so that he can go by dint of the impart I had exonerated and prepare feedback for my 1st meeting. I was unable to send him the Introduction part of my RAP three days before the meeting as I underestimated the dress require and I in addition was not rather familiar with Microsoft Word. I was able to send him the email with the Introduction of my RAP just two days before the meeting.During the first meeting, my mentor was not satisfied with my approach which I adopted to write Introduction of my RAP. Introduction about the company was in truth some(prenominal) in detail. My mentor told me to be precise and write tho relevant information about the company. He excessively told me that my move around was droping quality as I only lend oneselfd Companys official website and did not refer to independent opinions and views.Lesson learnedI learnt that I withstand to manage my eon better as I need extra tim e to deliver my assignments on time as I am lacking the skills of efficacious use of Microsoft Word. I also learnt that I energise to use third partys opinions and reviews about the companys performance which tend to be less biased.Second MeetingAs my first meeting was not up to the scratch so I was conscious by my mentor to labour some extra time to do capable consummation for my second meeting. He asked me to coating just about of the research and psycho abridgment cream prior to the second meeting. I tried my best to finish all the compendium work necessary to evaluate my bear objectives much(prenominal) as trend compend, ratio analysis, market research and strategic analysis of GlaxoSmithKline Plc and Astra Zeneca Plc. At the end of my second meeting my mentor shocked me when he asked me to prepare Microsoft Power orchestrate slides for presentation. I was not sure how to pee much(prenominal) slides use Microsoft Power Point. And I told my mentor there and the n(prenominal) that I do not deal how to use Microsoft Power Point to prepare slides. He was very helpful and he taught me how to prepare slides using Microsoft Power Point on his laptop.SituationI was working very well according to the suggestions of my mentor. further I was unable to finish most of the work before time and could not email all the required work to my mentor three days before the second meeting. The modestness was that my niece suddenly became sick and she was taken to the Hospital just five days before the second meeting.She was very seriously ill and I had to take my family couple of measure to the Hospital. I could not finish my whole work. But I managed myself to attend the second meeting. My mentor told me that he was expecting more(prenominal) work from me. I explained the whole story to him. He inquired about the health of my niece and advised me that I draw to be well planned and ready for such incidents and leave some buffer time for such uncertaintie s.Lesson LearnedI true(a)ise that if I would have left some buffer time, I would have completed my work well before the second meeting. this instant I realised that I should try my best to finish my work and the task given before time to avoid any adventure or uncertainty.Third MeetingMy mentor asked me to give ten proceedings presentation which should be summarised nevertheless comprehensive. My mentor told me that my presentation should be a glimpse of my overall RAP. My presentation impart be followed by fiddling question and answer session where I will be questioned on my work and my findings about the chosen organisationSituationI was sooner time pressured for my third meeting as I had some work left from my second meeting to complete and extra work to be make for the third time including the preparation of slides for presentation. I had to do description for my presentations as I have not given any presentations before this. I was a bit worried and nervous about my presentation.Lesson LearnedI learnt I should not leave the work till the operate minute from my previous experience as unknowns can happen and ascertain the process. I gave myself an earlier deadline so that I could finish my work before the original deadline. Due to this I managed to finish my RAP on time.I also learnt a lot from the presentation part of my RAP. I learnt how to m separate slides on Microsoft PowerPoint as severalise slides are attached with the submission of my RAP.I made my presentation to the Mentor. I ran out of time and could not complete the presentation well in time. I spent too much time on the introduction and the reason why I demand the organisation. I failed to present the conclusion and recommendation part of my presentation. I could not do justice with my efforts I put in my research work because of the way I presented my report to the mentor. I was not successful because of the lack of planning of my presentation. I did plan what I will present s ave due to the lack of practice I could not deliver what I was expecting from myself. Nevertheless, I learnt a lot from this experience. I learnt not to be over focused on the irrelevant things and properly giving time to more important areas.Question 2How well do I recollect that I have answered the research questions?At the initial stage of my RAP I was confident that I will be able to do my RAP easily on the chosen topic. But in humans the chosen topic and finding information on organisation prove to be hard and challenging for me. I was not sure in the beginning from where should I gather information about GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca. I was carrying out my RAP research on limited information available but I came to know from a friend of mine that British library is loaded with information regarding any organisation. I got financial and non financial information from British Library about GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca which was enough to do RAP analysis properly.During my secondary research, internet played a pivotal role in gathering data. Internet was of great help when reading up results of GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca for the first quarter of 2010 as this data was not easily accessible from other sources. It was hard for me to decide which ratios should be calculated in ratio analysis as each and every ratio has its own significance and importance. clip was a real issue in this project. I could not apportion time properly to the different areas of my research which I could have done better if I would have had more time. More time would have allowed me to visit more business libraries to get an in depth companionship of the Pharmaceutical industry and its competitive environment.Question 3How have you show your interpersonal skills and communication skills during the project work?Interpersonal and Communication skills are two skills which are not only important in faculty member sustenance but in professional life as well. These skills facilitate in academics during presentations, class discussions, and project report writing and during professional life corresponding dealing with customers, suppliers, peers and management. During my RAP, I used my interpersonal skills which I learnt through my studies, especially paper F7 (Financial Reporting) of ACCA.Initially the communication with my mentor was not very effective as I struggled to communicate properly with my mentor. My mentor sometimes could not empathise my accent and he asked me to repeat few times during my interactions with him. I lost precious time of my meetings with him due to this communication problem. slope is not my mother tongue. Even though my English have alter significantly after studying ACCA in England, native English utterers sometime find it difficult to understand me because of my strong accent. My mentor Ashley Cooke has been very enduring with me and he never showed any signs of discomfort whilst communicating with me.I realised t hat in order to communicate effectively I had to be more confident when facing somebody face to face and I should speak slowly and clearly so that even with my strong accent, people could understand me. I have to improve my oral, verbal and non-verbal skills so that Ill be able to perform better both in academics and in work environment.Question 4How has undertaking the Research and Analysis Project helped me in my accountancy studies and/or current employment role?I learnt a lot by doing my RAP which will help me in my reaming ACCA studies and also when I start my professional job. One of the things, I learnt whilst doing my RAP was how to do a research and gather information about a real world organisation, this helped me in developing my research skills. The research skill will be beneficial to me for my further studies and career.Communicating with people in an effective way was the new learning experience and it is very important for me when I will start my professional job in the future. My communication skills have improved significantly by doing this RAP. I think I would be in a better position to cope with the challenges in the future, which in reality would not have been possible without undertaking a project like this.Other thing, I learnt a great deal about is IT skills which I lacked before doing this RAP. I was not very familiar with Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint. This project taught me a great deal about these packages as I had to use them to draw graphs, make tables and prepare slides for my presentation. Graphs and appendices in my RAP are evidence of my learnt skills. IT skills are very crucial for a modern accountant to have in order to succeed in this day and age. I knew a little about these software packages before but this project has given me an opportunity to draw graphs using data from tables which I did not know before. This skill will assist me a great deal in my further studies and career.In a nutshell, whilst doing my RAP I learnt how to manage time effectively and meet deadlines, which will not only help me in my academic and professional life but will also, bring validatory changes in my life.

Motivation Theories Application in Construction

Motivation Theories Application in ConstructionMost concepts of motif that apply to the workforce begin with the impudence that behaviour, at least in part, is directed towards the merriment of considers or motives. Definitions of rent includeWillingness to exert effort to master the organizations end pointinals, conditioned by this efforts ability to satisfy individual involve (Robbins Coulter, 1996).An employees motivating to work consists of each(prenominal) the drives, forces and influenced- conscious or unconscious- that cause the employee to want to achieve certain aims (Graham and Bennett, 1998 p60)Processes that paper for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal. Robbins and Judge (2009, p.209)There atomic number 18 many definitions of motivation, even the underlying concept appears to be that, some cause force within individuals by which they attempt to achieve some goal in cast to fulfil some need or aspect (M ullins, 2002, p418). Rudolph and Kleiner (1989) and Armstrong (1999) suggest that it can be divided in to devil categories, inherent and extrinsic motivation.Extrinsic motivation is related to tangible benefits such as salary, fringe benefits, security, contract of service, promotion, the work environment and conditions of work.Whereas intrinsic motivation relates to psychological rewards such as the fortune to use ones ability, a sense of contest and skill, receiving appreciation, positive recognition, and being treated in a caring and kind manner.The importance of the expression labor in relation to the general parsimoniousnessThe building and construction constancy is essential to welf atomic number 18 and prosperity in the UK. In 2011 the Gross Value Added of the construction industry in the UK was 89.5 billion, 6.7% of f all in all GVA (Gross value added).There were 2.04 million workforce jobs in the UK construction industry in March 2012, 6.4% of all workforce jobs. The GVA of the industry fell in 2008, 2009 and 2010 both in terms of billions however alike its sh be of the sum economy, 2011 saw a slight rec everywherey but the GVA of the construction industry remained below pre-recession levels.(http//www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN01432)The importance of motivationMotivation is extremely weighty to organisations and companies of all sizes in a competitive market place such as the construction industry it is vital that staff members atomic number 18 cause in order to convert physical and financial resources into useful products, ultimately dower to suppress the cost of operations.According to Sabah Karimi (2010) Motivation is important in order to be able to attain the organizations goals and to accomplish long and short term objectives.Managers strive to motivate batch in organisations to perform at high up levels. This means getting them to work hard, to come to work regularly and to pull back positive contributions to the or ganisations goals. However job performance non only depends on motivation but also ability and environmental factors.The consanguinity of military operation can be stated as followsP = M + A + EWith, P = performance, M = motivation, A= ability, and E = environmentTo grant high levels of performance an employee mustiness be prompt to do the job, must have the ability to achieve the job effectively and must be provided with the necessary equipment/information to do so.Mullins (2002) refers to work by Krietner et al. who drives that although motivation is a necessary contributor for job performance, it is not the only one. Alongside ability, motivation is also a combination of level of skill, knowledge about how to complete the task, feelings and emotions, and facilitating/inhibiting conditions not under the individuals control.Performance and satisfaction are areas commonly discussed when talk about motivation. Organisations not only want operatives that are productive, but they also want to ensure that their workforce is satisfied in order to reduce employee formover.Boredom and frustration at work is often the result of an employees inadequacy of involvement with the companys goals and a feeling that their ideas are not wanted or listened to. For the employer, staff turnover increases as employees walk out of the door for to a greater extent evokeing jobs. (Management today)Despite being discussed, in that respect has been little scientific explore in to the relationship between satisfaction and productiveness and whether operatives are motivated so they are satisfied, productive or both.The importance of motivation is absorb and can be summarised in the following quotationMotivation whitethorn be defined as the degree to which individuals commit effort to achieve goals that they perceive as being meaningful and worthwhile Johnson, Johnson, 2003However, it is slightly unreadable are the factors that motivate operatives, if the techniques appli ed by management are successful, and what the relationship is between satisfaction and productivity.Therefore the aims for this query are toUnderstand what motivates construction operatives, by ranking their call for, motivators and de-motivators.Establish what site managers perceive motivates operatives, and compare whether they are of the same opinion as the operatives.Compare the findings of this study with previous look, and set in motion any differences in opinionDiscuss the issue of satisfaction and productivity and establish if there is a relationship between the twomotivational THEORIES THEIR APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTIONThere are various theories which essay to quantify what motivation is, all which are partially true. However a generalised theory that applies to all individuals in different circumstances has not yet been theorised.It is not essential to discuss all motivational theories but it is however important to distinguish that each one is different. This projec t impart be expanding on data analysed from previous seek which was collected in relation to Maslows hierarchy of inevitably theory. It also raises key points in regards to issues with satisfaction and productivity, this in which is linked to the work of Herzberg. This chapter will subsequently focus on the work of Maslow and Herzberg other theories will be outlined briefly.History of motivationMotivation theories can be traced back over two centuries past to the works of innovative theorists such as Robert Owen, Jeremy Bentham, and Elton Mayo who began to look for and experience principles of motivational theories, there be it different models.Robert Owen believed that by caring and flavour after the need of his employees they would be more than reliable, efficient and longer lasting. He demonstrated pioneering management and ethical business policies which are now widely recognised and implemented within human resources today. His strategies inspired infant education, th e need for safer working practices, the co-operative assumement, trade unionism, and garden cities. Jeremy Bentham views are widely known as the carrot and stick approach, a metaphor relating to reward and penalties. Bentham believed that everyone is self-interested, motivated by either a desirable outcome or avoiding an unpleasant one. Although theories of motivation have been explored extensively since, reward and punishment is still considered strong motivators in our society today. Elton Mayo conducted various behavioural experiments to explore methods of motivating staff, from the research he conducted he concluded that staff were not only motivated by pay, work conditions and moral but also psychological and genial factors. He also found that recognition and a sense of be are very important and that an individuals attitude towards work is strongly influenced by those around them.Outline of theoriesIt is now possible to divide motivation theories into two categories, content theories and process theories.Content theories may also be referred to as need theories as they focus on the importance of establishing what motivates us, trying to identify the needs of individuals and thus relating motivation to the fulfilling of these needs.These theories are concerned with identifying peoples needs, their relative strengths and the goals they abide by in order to satisfy these needs (Mullins 2002). They includeMaslow hierarchy of needs modelHerzbergs two-factor theoryAlderfers modified need hierarchy modelMcClellands achievement motivation theoryMcGregors X and Y theoryMaslows Hierarchy of needfullyAbraham Maslow introduced a hierarchy of needs in a paper compose in 1943, called A guess of Human Motivation. The hierarchy attempts to explain/propose factors that motivate an individual, Maslow suggested that people are motivated to fulfil basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. The hierarchy is virtually commonly displayed in a pyramid fo rmat show in figure 1.Maslow believes that we must first achieve physiological needs as they are vital for our survival. They include the need for water, air, food and sleep these are classed as primary needs as all other step in the tier are secondary until these needs are met. gum elastic needs may also include factors that improve security they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Once we can grow ourselves (tier 1) it then becomes essential to ensure our safety/security, examples of this may be rampart from weather, health insurance, machinery, vehicles etc.Social needs include our natural inhale to feel accepted examples of this may be with family, relationships or colleagues at work. watch needs include feelings such as self-worth, accomplishment and social recognition.Self-actualisation needs re hold the highest tier of the hierarchy and are needs concerned with self-fulfilment or personal growth.Maslow believed that each tier must be fairly easy satisfied be fore the needs of the next tier become important to the individual, however Oldcorn (1989) advocates that individuals may not satisfy the first need to move on to the next until they reach the top of the hierarchy. He implies that in realness we try to satisfy a mixture of various needs at any one time. This can often be seen when individuals are retch under pressure, sleep and food (physiological needs) may be deprived in order to complete an objective or goal (esteem needs).This argument coincides with Wahba and Bridwell (1976) who account that there was diminutive evidence to support the ranking of the needs or the hierarchical order, as his theory was difficult to test empirically furthermore this meant that there are various interpretations of his theory and the clarity of his work has washed-out over time due to more recent publications by authors with more current views. Nevertheless the values of the tiers remain, regardless of the overlapping of needs.Herzbergs two-fac tor theoryDr Frederick Herzberg conducted research in order to gain an understanding of what creates job satisfaction. Herzbergs to-factor theory states there are certain factors in the workplace that cause satisfaction, and in turn different factors that create dissatisfaction. Herzberg divided these factors into two categories, hygiene and motivator factors. chiefly hygiene factors are crucial in ensuring that workers are not dissatisfied, whereas motivators are needed to increase performance.Motivators are regarded as factors such as gainsay work, recognition, responsibility and personal growth elements Maslow describes as esteem needs.Hygiene factors are extrinsic, these include job security, salary, fringe benefits and company policies elements of Maslows higher level needs. They do not provide positive satisfaction, however if they are not present this will create dissatisfaction.There has since been criticism regarding the accuracy of the results concluded in Herzbergs theo ry,NEED TO INCLUDE POINT THAT DISPOVES, THEN EVIDENCE OF VALIDITIY.Alderfers modified need hierarchy model (ERG Theory)Clayton Alderfer redefined Maslows hierarchy and re-categorised it into three broader classes of needs. These includeExistence askRelatedness NeedsGrowth needsMcClellands achievement motivation theoryDavid McClelland was an American psychologist who conducted research to further the work of Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs theory. McClelland carried out research and experiments to identify the varying needs and motivators in a variety of people. His research suggested that these needs can be categorised into affiliation, humanity-beater and achievement. Each of these needs influence motivation within an individual, McClelland suggested that these needs or motivators are acquired over time and vary from person to person dependent on their emotional state experiences.Achievement can be defined as a continual concern to excel, to do better for its own sake, for the intrinsic satisfaction of doing better. (McClelland, 1961).The power motive can be defined as a continual preference or readiness for experiences of having impact, control, or influence over others and the world (McClelland, 1975 Winter, 1973).The affiliative motive has been defined as the preference for establishing, maintaining, and restoring a positive affective relationship with another person or persons (Atkinson et al, 1954, p406).McGregors X and Y TheoryTheory X and Theory Y are theories of human motivation, authentic by Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. The theories describe two opposing models of employee motivationX theory proposes that employees are fundamentally idle and have no interest in meeting the organisations objectives, therefore management and direction is necessary in ensuring that the workforce operates productively. Y theory still suggests that management are responsible, however McGregor proposes that management should show confidence in their workforce giving employees the opportunity to exercise creativity, imagination and ingenuity in order to create a work environment where both management and subordinates share co-operative objectives.Weinbach, 2008 states that Most people can handle responsibility, because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population

Performance Criteria For External Walls

Performance Criteria For External W any(prenominal)sExternal w onlys ar referred to as cladding if they ar made of masonry or panels. External besieges be vertical cistrons which acquaint the structure. In the blueprint of the specified grammatical verbal expression, the master(prenominal) writ of execution criteria needed as requested by the client be as followsWEATHER liveanceWalls moldiness be able to exclude rain, wind, snow, frost and any(prenominal) measures warmth and gl atomic number 18 from the sun. The palisades should lots at the same time need to bear the structure to be naturally ventilated and natural light to throw in the construct. In this respect, t present are dickens broad functions the wall of necessity to perform. It should live on moisture from the ground and therefore would normally need pall proof courses to do so. It should excessively be able to adequately resist the penetration of weather from the out gradient to the in spot of the building.FIRE RESISTANCE OF outside(a) WALLThe outside(a) envelope of the buildingshould non bring home the bacon a medium for firing off spread if it is likely to be a assay to health or safety. The workout of inflammable materials for cladding framework, or of combustible thermic disengagement as an over-cladding or in ventilated cavities, whitethorn present such(prenominal) a risk in the proposed buildings, even though the provisions for external surfaces may kick in been satisfied.Considering the event of fire prison-breaking in the building, the walls of the building are postulate to inhibit the spread from board to room of the flames, smokes and gases. The external walls should fulfill the obligation of containing the fire within the building for prescribed period of time, thus limiting spread to adjacent buildings. It is last necessary that the walls be able to perform their structural functions during the fire until all occupants have had sufficient tim e to escape. Based on the use of the building in this come out, the time deemed necessary for such an escape is -2 hours. The materials must be carefully chosen so as to resist fore to the ut close. The combustibility of the materials must as low as possible so as to embarrass quick spreading of the fire.THERMAL RESISTANCEDue to increased zip fastener cost of recent times, and the higher comfort expectations of occupants of buildings, the pressure for better thermal insulation has become a predominant factor in the performance of buildings. There is therefore greater demand for service engineers to be entangled in the thermal design of the external fabric of buildings. It therefore makes economic sense to design the walls of a building so that thermal readiness consumption volition be kept as low as possible. It is therefore recommended that the service engineers be aware of the required heating turn of the building and should thus decide what thermal insulation is required a nd where it should be positioned. He should advise on the positioning of vapour roadblocks, thus reducing the occurrences of one of the major defects common in modern buildings, that of condensation.The walls having thermal subway entrust limit the amount ofheat the building will meet from the internal spaces, and gain from the outside environment. The materials used will determine scarcely how compliance is maked andmanufacturing businesss batch generally provide some form of advocate for their products.Cavity WallsThe cavity shadow be fully filled with insulation or arrayially filled (consult the manufacturers before proceeding). If it is partially filled whence an institutionalizegap is generally required, the size of which willvarying depending onthe specific products used for the wall winding and insulation. The insulation should go at least 150mm below the DPC level.Solid WallsThese walls are generally insulated by placing some form of thermal element on the insid e and rendering the outside. The thickness of these products will depend on the thickness and flake of block used.STRENGH AND stabilityTwo important categories are distinguished here Structural and non-structural. The power make a positive contri barion in the structural one of the building and in doing do check act in two ways 1. the walls may be load heading and/or stabilizing. Here, they are knowing to carry not only their confess weight but in like manner other loads exerted by the roof and basiss. These walls are designed to resist compression. 2. When performing as stabilizing walls, they are designed to resist horizontal or oblique forces such as wind pressure, res publica or pee pressure, or thrust from other separate of the building such as arches. These walls are designed to resist shear and are often known as shear walls.The later are more commonly called non-load bearing. They are therefore designed to carry only their own weight and not that of any othe r elements in the building. It is worth noting here that such walls may still be requested to resist horizontal loads, in particular wind loading.DURABILITYIt is often an expectation from intimately clients that the external fabric of the building will have an acceptable spirit expectancy. The external walls of the building of this design must be able to put out the effects of the weather, such as wind, frost, snow, rain, sun and heat to be durable. The walls should also be able to resist physical damage to which they will be subjected during their life. Maintenance is therefore necessary in the elements of the building, including the walls in order to strive a prescribed life expectancy. It is worth noting that care must be taken in the of importtenance work as damage to the highest degree often results in the maintenance of the walls.BUILDABILITYBuildability relates more to judgment and knowledge than to numerical analysis. Buildability reflects whether the specific design pile be assembled by various trades without elastic the working(a) requirements during edifice. Buildability is more related to good design than to superior craftiness be fuck off, as experience indicates, only a good design backside combine all the environmental factors while presenting an easy construction pattern. For the most part, it is the designer who attends to the aspects of buildability such as material installation under diverse weather conditions, level of skill required for installation, and construction tolerances. Often buildability problems sneak when different professions are bear upond for instance neither the window manufacturer nor the wall designer may consider the window wall port wine as their concern. It is therefore necessary not to disregard the effortfuly that the detergent builder female genital organ experience when constructing the proposed office building.NOISENoise can cause stress and loss of sleep, and lead to ill health. For an office to be flourishing it must be designed so that its layout and structure keep folie to an acceptable level. Designing for noise control is not easy, because the sources of noise are not always apparent at design stage, and the paths by which respectable travels are not always obvious. The aim, however, should be to ensure that most activities can be carried out without undue interference from internal or external noise. For external walls where windows provide passive ventilation, the need for ventilation must be balanced with the need to constrain noise open windows do not reduce noise from outside. To effectively reduce external noise, the external walls should be well constructed and insulated. A walls ability to reduce noise is dependent on grapheme of constructionmaterials andinsulationThere are two main construction techniques for wallsContinuous constructionA wall in which the components are mechanically connected such as angiotensin converting enzyme brick or single stud.D iscontinuous constructionA dual layer of wall in which the leaves have a minimum 20mm cavity and are not mechanically connected in any way, except at the periphery such as brick cavity and discontinuous stud.When choosing a wall agreement to reduce noise from the inner city environment, the contractor should considermaterialsgeneral construction andbest practice designIncreasing the thickness of the building materials, and ensuring all gaps are sealed can help considerably when dealing with lowering insulation.An important feature of well constructed external walls is correctly sealed junctions, as this wait ons in the reduction of noise transmission through and through gaps and cracks at the edge of building elements. These noise flanking paths can defeat noise reduction techniques. An important feature of well constructed exterior walls is properly sealed junctions, which aid in the reduction of noise transferred via flanking paths (gaps at the edge of building elements that concede sound to travel through). Even a sound-rated wall may not perform adequately, if joints and junctions are not properly sealed. Challenges to good acoustic design of external walls can arise from noise transferred via flanking paths. It is important to minimise flanking through services and penetrations. The impact isolation of a wall may also be compromised by insufficient attention to peak. Flanking is the transfer of noise through paths around a building element, rather than through the element directly. Flanking can describe the transfer of noise through gaps and cracks in a building element, or via incorrectly sealed junctions between two materials. These noise flanking paths can defeat noise reduction techniques.QUESTION THREEHOW PARTITIONS, SUSPENDED hood AND RAISED FLOOR CAN BE USED TO FACILITE THE CLIENT requirement OF THE BUILDINGPARTITIONS can be described as an internal wall of a structure which divides a building into a number of parts to serve its purpose. P artition can be divide into two main groups that is, load bearing and non load bearing.FUCTIONAL REQUIREMENT OF STEEL PARTITION arrangingThe following areSound Insolution Is the reduction obtained when sound passes from one side of a breakdown to another. Sound may considerd as waves of pressure.Sound intentness Is the material used to reduce the amount noise that is reflected from a wall surface back into the room and does not increase the sound cut value of the structure. Sound absorption is usually achieved by adding a soffit finish to the head surface of a wall.Flexibility The material should be supple plentiful to resist any forces or any movement that will change it actual function.Strength and stability The partition system should be strong enough to resist the various loads that may be imposed on it. These loads include permanent loads such as shelves and wash basins.Services and accommodation Partition system should be providing with spaces or voids within partitions system to provide services accessed for repair and maintenance.TYPES OF PARTITIONS brassMetal stud partition These can be define as vertical internal space divides and are usually non loads bearing walls. These can be permanent, constructed of material such as metal trademark and sheet lining such as gypsum board. This type of partition is worthy for rehabilitation works. Joints in panels are usually filled as the plasterboard is normally covered with a scrim coat of plaster. It is however slowing, wasteful of materials and it is difficult to install components such as door and windows hatches.Frame and sheet partition These are similar in concepts metal stud and sheet partitions except that they are constructed exploitation an arrangement of proprietary components such as doors and glazing element. carving component is kept a minimum and joints between panels are usually expressed using cover strips. Frame and sheet partitions are fit for dismantling and relocation, and ca n be called demountable partitions.Frame and panel partition These are variations on the frame and sheet partition. In this system the panels are position between the studs or frame which is left exposed. These methods are constructed by using self keep panels, with double skin of plasterboard separated by egg-create element.SUSPENDED CEILINGSuspended detonator These can be defined as chapiter which is fixed to a framework suspended from the main structure thus forming voids between the two components. It is used where enough crown as available to hang it from the capital joists and still have enough height between the floor and new hood. Suspended ceiling have two main functions a metal grid that provide a structural and a height weight panels that slip into grid.The basic functional requirement of suspended ceiling isThey should be easy to construct, repaired, maintain and clean.Should be designed that an adequate means of access is provide to the voids spaces for the maint enance of the jailbreak system keeped services and / or light fighting.Provide any required sound and / or thermal insulation.Provide any required acoustic control in terms absorption and reverberation.Should be provide with fire resistance or protection to structure steel beams supporting floor.Conform with the minimum requirements set out in the Building Regulations and in particular the regulations governing the restriction of spread of flame over surfaces of ceiling and exceptions permitting the uses of certain plastic material.TYPES OF SUSPENDED CEILINGThe suspended ceiling can be classified as the way in which they are constructed as followingJointless ceiling These ceilings although suspended below the main form uses sheets of plasterboard. In these systems the plasterboard is fixed to the underside of the suspended framework. This can provide fire resistant ceiling and this may be one of the reasons for using this type of construction. Moreover it is not suitable for a sit uation where service is to be carried in the voids unless they can be approached from the floor area above. This type of ceiling is particularly useful where the ceiling needs to take s etched shape. It can provide a fire resistant ceiling construction. fit or frame and tile systems These ceilings are the commonest form of suspended ceiling use in construction industry today. They constructed with a metal frame grid suspended from the floor or structure above. In this system the grid are fitted tiles made from different materials such as minerals lineament board, plaster and metal and it is supported by the grid. Generally these types of ceiling are easily constructed, maintained and easy means of access to services.Open ceiling These ceiling are designed to give a visual barrier between the rooms below and the ceiling voids above by the use of an open grid. This type ceiling the light is fixed to the lower side of the ceiling.RAISED FLOORTYPES OF RAISED FLOORThe shallow or batten ed floor This type of floor is supported on battens fixed to the structural sub-floor. This type of floor provide spaces of wiring and the floor contain the acoustic properties of a floor and as cavities seldom exceeds 100mm is normally only used to conceal cable runs.Platform floor This type of floor is supported on adjustable jacks whom rest on the structural sub-floor. Using pedestals an adjustable cavity with depth ranging from 40mm to 150mm depending on which proprietary system can be provided. It is suitable for most services installation requirements.SECTION TWO proficient DESIGN DECISIONS TO BE TAKEN TO SPEED UP CONSTRUCTION cognitive operationClients often demand faster construction so as to make from early completion of projects. Although there are notable examples where fast construction has been achieved, the consensus is that the construction industry has not been entirely successful in skirmish clients expectations. This is mainly due to a disjointed industry, in wh ich design is often separated from the construction activities. Traditional practices are proving inadequate, to the point where either they can no grander achieve the desired delivery time, or, if projects are force to meet the programme, they do not provide the required quality and long term performance. If faster construction is needed, the level of attainment of the targets is an essential part of assessing the overall performance of the construction industry in meeting client needs.Site locationThe location of the structure on the chosen place is often fundamental to the success of the faster construction initiative. Attention should be paid to pose topography, especially noting potential sources of problems such as the water table, contamination, existing structures, substations and overhead high load cables.RepetitionRepetition is a most effective way to zipper up activities. This can involve the use of standardised components installed in the same way each time. For det ail installation, repetition might mean standardising the grade of cover everywhere on the project at 35 N/mm2, avoiding the additional management time of checking on each pour. Repetition might involve keeping an element to a constant dimension or position e.g. all lighter pendants are in the centre of every room, or extract vents are always 150 mm down from the ceiling.Standard modulesUse of homogeneous or standard modules speeds construction because it simplifies the checking of drawings, fabrication and installation. The principle can be applied by using a standard dense concrete block for all block work, or by employing standard air handling units in roof plant or standard washbasin pods within the buildingOrientationThe orientation of the project could dramatically doctor the speed of construction. A project located some distance from the site access is likely to have more space available for off-loading facilities and storage. If the project structure is close to the ac cess point, or obstructs or restricts access to the remainder of the site, then faster construction is likely to be more difficult. material bodyThe mass, height or plan shape of a project will significantly affect the ease and speed of construction. While massed elements may speed construction, they may also obstruct the site and so slow progress. For example, plumping ductwork elements reduce the number of joint connections that need to be made and so reduce construction time. However, the greater size and length of the elements might seal off access and slow the process down. Prefabrication, pre-assembly and modularisation. Consider the potential of methods based on prefabrication pre-assembly and modularisation.Environmental and sustainability issuesRecognise the environmental and sustainability issues inherent in faster construction on site. It will probably be necessary to expend capable or more energy over a shorter period to achieve the same end-product earlier. The proce dures should ensure that the materials used are sustainable.

A Report On Olympic Games

A Report On sur maneuvering GamesEvery four years, millions of people turn their attention to one urban center where prodigious Games take place. Almost wholly major(ip) cities compete for the rightly to be the force metropolis of the next exceptional Games. It is highly war-ridden competition as Olympics bring attention and spectators which leave behind huge taxation to the host city. However, for the host city Olympic Games begin much in the first place as it takes years to prep atomic add up 18 and organize such project. It is figure out that no city in the orbit hobo host Olympics next mean solar day after being chosen. Further, this essay result observe election result of the host city and state main requirements of the IOC for the host city.In 1999 the impertinent host city election procedure was confirmed by the IOC (International Olympic Committee). gibe to this procedure, the cities be checked for the appropriateness of the basic technical requirements. because the cities which are passed through IOC Executive Board become candidate cities and permitted to pass to bidding process. During this process IOC Evaluation Commission visits and inspects all candidate cities. at last at the IOC session the host city volition be chosen (John E. Findling 265). The host city election procedure is complicated due to lumbering responsibility which lies down on shoulders of both host city and the IOC. To resist any kind of mistakes during Olympic Games the IOC has several technical requirements such asTransport concept.Environmental conditions.Accommodation.Experience from the past sport events.Sport venues.Finance. (Factsheet. legions city election facts and figures. (www.olympic.org).Leicesters transport concept includes transport systems indoors the city, einsteinium Midlands Airport and the railway system situation. Special de break apartments regulate the Leicesters traffic situation. Different IT systems and CCTV cameras provide a real time picture of the traffic situation within the Leicester. Digital Car Park Signs give all the instruction about(predicate) available car park spaces throughout the city centre. In addition, in that respect is a Star Trak information system which provides next bus information via signs at bus stops (Leicester metropolis Council. Transport and streets). All these technologies allow efficient traffic flow and ensure safety for both pedestrians and drivers. Visitors will find these facilities useful for them. However, the main problem is that how spectators from every corner of the humanness will come to the Leicester. The city is served by single railway station and East Midlands Airport which in addition works for Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. More all over, East Midlands serves interior(prenominal) and European destinations with only few flights to holiday resorts (UK Airport Guide. East Midlands Airport). This delegacy that to a greater extent railway send and in ternational airport are indispensable to meet all the quests. In contrast, Beijing spent more than $4bn to urinate a new airport terminal and extra subway lines (Bristow M. BBC news). apart from this, nearly 80m will be spent to improve Docklands Light Railway (DLR) network in capital of the United Kingdom. In addition, London will invest more than 900 million to East London Line which will link the Olympic Park with the city. Line will connect with the DLR, Jubilee and District line and the northeasterly London Line (London 2012.Transport). In fact, even more developed cities than Leicester are forced to improve their transport systems due to Olympic Games.The second cadence of the IOC is the environmental condition of the future Olympic city. This requirement can be fully satisfied by Leicester as it became Britains first Environment city in 1990 and was among twelve cities which took part in the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 (Leicester city Council. Environment and planning). Since then Leicester keeps high standards of environmental conditions. For example, Leicester City Council uses the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), which helps to conserve environmental standards. As well as the EMAS, Leicester City Councils Environmental Policy plays vital role in maintaining and improve high environmental conditions in the city. The targets of this policy are reduction of hundred footprint, prevention of pollution, protection of trees and natural environment and promotion of using renewable energy. Throughout this policy Leicester City Council encourages the public to protect environment where realistic (Leicester City Council. Environment and planning). Furthermore, Leicester city achieved significant results in recycling of wastes. In partnership with Biffa Leicester the city of Leicester created the Ball Mill recycling installation which can recycle more than 70% of household waste from landfill. By this facility Leicester can recycle an d compost nearly 33% of all wastes in the city (Leicester City Council. Environment and planning). Taking in consideration all these facts Leicester can be proud of their environmental condition, whereas Beijing invested nearly $20.5bn over the past 10 years to improve environmental situation during the preparations for Olympic Games (Bristow M. BBC News). Further, this essay will observe housing facilities where visitors can reside during Olympics.It goes without precept that the host city meets thousands of tourists approaching for Olympic Games. In 2008, Beijing registered most 382,000 overseas visitors. Organizers expected to meet 500,000 visitors, but visa controls decreased that number (www.2008gamesbeijing.com). Therefore Leicester should have enough entourage to reside between 300,000 400.000 tourists. According to Leicester City Council there are nearly 26 hotels with more than 2000 rooms in Leicester. In addition, partnership with University of Leicester can provide a dditional 3096 rooms (Leicester City Council. Environment and planning. 2012 Preparation camps). As a result, there are more than 5200 rooms in total available for upcoming visitors. Of anatomy it is not enough to reside more than 300,000 tourists, therefore more adaption facilities should be build. For example, London offers 100,000 hotel rooms and nearly 30,000 beds in student accommodations to pleasurable all the visitors during Games (London 2012. accommodation).Experience of organising sport events is important as well as other technical requirements. Leicester has hosted Special Olympics GB Summer Games two time (Leicester City Council. Sports and fitness). 2700 athletes from 19 UK regions took part in 21 sports during Special Olympics 2009 (Special Olympics 2009). Actually, this is valuable experience, but organisation of Olympic Games requires the hosting of 26 sports with more than 300,000 participants including athletes and spectators (London 2012. Games).In precedent paragraphs this essay mentioned different features of the Leicester except sport venues which are directly affiliated with Olympic Games. There are might be hundreds of hotels, railway stations and airports in the host city, but without appropriate sport facilities the city will not host Olympics. Leicester has different sport venues, including Saffron Lane sportsman Stadium, Braunstone Leisure Centre and sport facilities of Leicester Grammar School. These venues make up modern facilities for badminton, tae-kwon-do, swimming, basketball and and so forth However all of them have been already offered as pre-gaming training camps for athletes coming to London 2012 Olympic Games (Leicester City Council. 2012 Preparation camps). In comparison, Beijing has create 12 new stadiums which required $1.9bn (Bristow M. BBC News). As well as Beijing, London is building completely new Olympic Park which will contain nine sport venues including Olympic Stadium, the Aquatic Centre, the VeloPark and etc (London 2012. Venues). After all, it is clear that collapse sport facilities of the Leicester should be improved by financial support.Financial part of the Olympic project plays significant role in organising Olympic Games. The major cities like Beijing and Athens have spent $40bn and $16bn respectively to host Olympics. Apart from this, London has already invested $22.6bn for 2012 Olympic Games (Bristow M. BBC News). In contrast, according to Leicester City Council budget of Leicester in 2008/09 was 779,788,900. In other words, Leicester should find more mount to host Olympic Games.Finally, I think that Leicester does not have clear disadvantages in contrast with other cities. However it will take more time and investments to host Olympics in Leicester than in Beijing or London.ReferencesFindling J. E. Pelle D. K. (2004265). encyclopaedia of modern Olympic movement. Westport Greenwood Press. Extracted 01/02/2010 from, http//books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0Cprintse c=frontcoverdq=encyclopedia+of+modern+Olympic+movementhl=rucd=1v=onepageq=f=falseBristow M. BBC News, Beijing. 31/07/2008. Extracted 29/01/2010 from, http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7523235.stm Extracted 29/01/2010www.multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_repert_1191.pdf Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/transport-traffic/transport-systems/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/transport-traffic/transport-systems/digital-car-park-signs/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//airport-maps.co.uk/uk-airport-directory/east-midlands-airport/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.london2012.com/making-it-happen/transport/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/the-environment/environment-city/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/the-environment/environmental-policy/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/the-environment/recycling/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//2008gamesbeijing.com/beijing-has-652-million-visitors-for-the-olympics/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/planning/plansandpolicy/hotels-information/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/sports-services/news-update-2007/2012camps/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.london2012.com/visiting/accommodation/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/sports-services/news-update-2007/special-olympics-2009/ Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.sol2009.com/home/sports.html Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.london2012.com/games/olympic-sports/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.london2012.com/games/venues/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010http//www.leicester.gov.uk/accounts/accounts0809.pdf Extracted 29/01/2010

Fault Detection Robot for Underground and Overhead Cables

Fault Detection zombi for Underground and Overhead CablesCAREER EPISODE 11.1 INTRODUCTIONDuring my voyage of engineering, I completed a ramble named Fault Detection automaton for Underground and Overhead Cables. It was completed in my 6th semester while pursue Bachelor of Technology in electronics and communication engineering from Guru Nanak Dev University, Gurdaspur, India. It was performed under the way of Prof. Anu Sheetal. The entire project was completed in six months from January 2012 to May 2012. Thus, my rattling first c beer episode is based on this project performed by me.1.2 BACKGROUNDNorm e very last(predicate)(a)y most of the companies prefer to lay wires through underground. Wires atomic number 18 laid underground for various purposes. The reason for doing this is to protect the wires from any climatic conditions and changes. But while considering this positive factor there ar cons of this system too. There occur problems while laying wires and during serv ice and maintenance it becomes actually costly, time consuming and difficult to fix and solve the issue. Also, telephone set contribute break payable to any reason then it gets difficult to nail down them and re stick it. Basically, in manual technique of replacement cables, approximate kettle of fish I found and the cables are dug out(a) and manual checking is through to find the exact point of problem.1.3To overcome much(prenominal)(prenominal) challenges, I name designed a automaton which tolerate find blurs and the place of complaint, qualification it easy for engineers and technicians to dig a hole at the diminutive place for error solving and fixation. The technology employ behind the working(a) of such robot is electro magnetized theory for detecting the discontinuity of the cable wires. Induced magnetic world is produced when a low frequency based signal brush aside pass through the wire with the assistant of signal injector, which assists in determi nation the place of possible defect. The robot can locate the position of the fault or pithy- term of enlistment issue from external surface and point out the exact place of discontinuity.1.4 OBJECTIVESThe main idea and goal behind employing such project is to benefit the industries laying wires underground for various electronics, electrical or other purpose. In this project an overhead wire fault signal detection and location system is introduced as the main or fundamental for industrially controlled computers. The project was executed to overcome the problem to repair faulty wires which unavoidable the help of experienced and practical trained operators. The accuracy and precision of short circuit fault detection is improved and upgraded by using the combinations of divergent methods like current rate of change and zero detection are used, along with using different and new technology based computer hardware and software. Features like 5th harmonic current and ground phase e lectric potential drop was integrated to it. The project was used and put to operation and it worked in good running condition.1.5 MY WORK DUTIESTo accomplish and achieve success in this project, I started planning on how to approach the problem statement and what could be the possible solution for it. which followed by initial consciousness on the working principle of the project. After making a work pass on the approach, I decided upon the components that were guided for its implementation. A budget was do and followed all the time and a safety level was maintained during the progress of the project. later(prenominal) staged involved in planning and designing of the PCB layout based on the prevent diagrams and the circuit diagram. Coding was done for the working of the project which was followed by performing certain tests and troubleshooting the whole device to find any faults and do them on time. The last stage involved preparation of the presentation and calculates. My duties in any case involved meeting the supervisor weekly and updating her about my project progress.1.6 PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITYThe execution type for my project began with outlining and understanding of all possible differences amongst industrial robots, service robots and their process of application or working. Along with that I in like manner analyzed the challenges that are confront due to its application and different methods that could be employed to detect the fault and assign the faults. I also included few examples for comparison of methods relating the situation. Based on their experimental results, I came up with my block diagram for the project. It has two part one for the robot and other about the remote.1.7After finalizing my initial block diagram, I listed out the components that were required for the hardware structure of the robot and the remote. The components used are described below1. For Power Supply Diodes of 1N4007, Capacitors of c0 and 100 f, I C7805, LEDs, Resistors, Push Buttons. Using these components, a powerfulness depict consisting of three part namely, the rectifier unit, filter unit and regulator unit is designed for giving supply to my device.2. LCD 162 for displaying the location of faults by displaying a message or menial compose signal3. Tx IC HT12E4. Transformer 0-12V and 500mA5. Motor driver IC L293D6. RxIC HT12E7. campana for alerting on finding a fault in the outfit8. Transistor BC5479. Motor 60rpm, to drive the robot10. Microcontroller ATMEGA16, the cryptology and the program is written and loaded into it for the cognitive operation and signaling of the robot.11. Magnetic correction sensor ZMY20, extremely sensitive sensor which is used for measurement of magnetic field or detection of magnetic ports. It has magneto-resistive effect of thin film perm alloy.1.8With the help of above components, I started to design and implement my hardware. I started with designing the power supply and then the robot. After completing the structure for the robot, I do a remote to operate it from a distance with the help of IR radiations. one time my whole device/robot was ready, I mapped a flow chart which described the working and the functioning of the device. The flow chart took plug of efforts as every small point had to be noted for the functioning of the robot. The flowchart can be seen below.1.9The core idea behind this robot was for short circuit detection that occur in the underground cable breaks. The continuity of the cables is first checked using a multimeter as the cables are laid across large areas. After detecting the stretch of wire where the problem of discontinuity occurs, the robot is made to use for detecting the final and precise location of the breakage or fault. External remote navigator circuit is used for the robot and it is placed on the cable. A wire is also connected to the signal generator unit. The robot is positioned in such a way that the discont inuity lies in the forward direction and the robot moves along that direction.1.10A 3KHz signal is passed through the wire and a power is supplied to the robotic unit. An electromagnetic field is supplyd as per the Faradays law, after the current starts receiving and moves around. This electromagnetic field leave alone generate a voltage that will be provided using the microcontroller RA0 pin and therefore controlling the movement of the robot. On reaching the point of discontinuity the robot will not generate electromagnetic field, which will trigger the buzzer circuit connected to it indicating the fault and location of the issue. The HALL sensor unit can be used and provided to get the exact distance that the robot moves in finding the discontinuity and the LCD module connected to it will display the details. Once the location of fault is found, the cable operators and technicians can dig that ground and make up ones mind the problem easily.1.11Based on the working, I planned the flowchart for the secret writing and programming part of the circuit. I used the software called BASCOM-AVR which supports the 8051 microcontrollers and Atemls AVR microcontrollers. Both coding and testing can be performed using this software. I wrote a label for the below flow chart and successfully loaded it into the microcontroller to check its working. Robokits AVR USB computer programmer is used to load the program that is made in BASCOM into the microcontroller after generating a HEX file of the program. The best advantage of working on BASCOM is that it has notice options specially for troubleshooting your program.1.12After completing both hardware and software part for this robot, I gave it a test run to see its functioning. I faced an issue while running the robot, initially it didnt detect or generate an electromagnetic field which was required to detect the faulty cables. So, I made use of magnetic read understudy which could generate magnetic field of 440V or ab ove and It was cheaper than the magnetic field sensors. On considering the safety perspective, there was a risk due to the use of high voltage of 440V. Thus, I decided to use a magnet to generate the require magnetic field and current instead of providing such high voltage supply. So, one time the robot senses the magnetic field around the magnetic read switch that is generated with the help of magnet, the buzzer will start to work. Another issue was replacing this component i.e. to replace the magnetic sensor with a magnet because all the connections were done and the circuit could get complicated. To do that, it took visual modality of patience and it had to be done carefully. This was the major problem I encountered during my project.1.13 SUMMARYThus, to save the men and wastage of time, I developed such robot that detects the faulty cables. I intrust it will be helpful to various companies. The robot is designed to be user-friendly and easy to access. It is also cost-effecti ve and controlling and maintenance is very easy. It has lot of scope for expansion, it can be used to detect faults at places which is not accessible by human hand or places which require large amount of safety.1.14This project was the first project of my bachelors degree, so it held lot of importance, and it taught me a lot. I gave a final presentation and a report document stating the work I did and the completed working and description of the project. I presented it to my faculty staff and in front of my classmates. I got good help and support from my guide in all difficult situations. It used my radical programming knowledge. It boosted my confidence in my field. I got motivated and inspired to implement and research new projects which would use more advance electronics and telecommunication knowledge.

The Fixer: Irony :: Bernard Malamud The Fixer

The Fixer  Irony    Irony is an overpowering force in Bernard Malamuds The Fixer. The installment of events which Yakov Bok goes through makes the entire novel ironic. The chief ridicule of the novel lies in the fact that what Bok is attempting to splinter, he cannot escape. To understand the irony in the novel, it is necessary to judge two major events in the circular biography of Yakov Bok. Bok is attempting the escape his life in the shetl. He is wrongly persecuted for a ritual murder and attempts to escape his physical and mental torture. In each case, Bok is attempting to escape his Jewishness. The novel has an overall ironic tone. Bok leaves the shetl in which he has lived the majority of his life to go to Kiev. In Kiev Bok hopes to find opportunities for work and education. Mainly, though, Bok seeks relief from his earlier rape of be cuckolded. While in the shetl Bok sees himself as a victim of his wifes barrenness (Unger 447 ). The irony lies in the fact that that even after escaping the shetl and being in a different kind of hell, pri boy, Boks life in the shetl grapples back to haunt him. Bok learns of a child that Raisl has had with her lover and gives his bitter sentence of a black cholera upon her ( Malamud 254 ). The one thing that might have given him happiness in his life before has now gone to someone else. This event brings Yakov shame that he could not father a child with Raisl while some other man could. Thus, the problems of the shetl which Bok has tried so desperately to escape have come back to haunt him once again. Boks life is very circular. Later in the novel, Raisl visits Yakov in prison in an attempt to end her own banishment in the shetl. Yakov could here exact some kind of revenge upon Raisl by allowing her to be ostracized for having an illegitimate child the way he was ostracized for being cuckolded. However, Yakov at last signs the document which says I declare myself to be the father of Chaim, the infant son of my wife Raisl Bok... Please help the mother and child, and for this, amid all my troubles, Ill be pleasurable ( 262). Bok, now having on paper what he once wanted most, a son, cannot enjoy it.

An Analysis of the Characters of The Canterbury Tales :: Canterbury Tales Essays

An Analysis of the Characters of The Canterbury Tales An interesting aspect of the far-famed literary work, The Canterbury Tales, is the contrast of realistic and exaggerated qualities that Chaucer entitles to each of his causas. When viewed more closely, nonpareil can determine whether each of the characters is convincing or questionable found on their personalities. This essay will analyze the characteristics and personalities of the Knight, Squire, Monk, Plowman, Miller, and Parson of Chaucers tale. One of Geoffreys little believable main characters is the Knight, for reasons of chivalry. The nickname parades many traits which make him seem just about too good to be true, and a true gentleman that seldom exists in reality. The narrator sums up the knights character by stating that Though he were worthy, he was wys,/And of his port as meeke as is a mayde. (pg. 5, The Canterbury Tales) The knight holds quartette main admirable traits, making him the around liked traveler in The Canterbury Tales, and also amplying the doubt of his realism. The reader is prepared to learn of each of his horrible accomplishments and importance when the narrator remarks that A knight ther was, and that a worthy man,/That fro the tyme that he first bigan/To ryden out, he approved chivalrye,/Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisye. (pg. 4, The Canterbury Tales) From the characters impressive introduction, it is clear that this man is the most valued and honorable traveler among the group. This perfect gentleman holds a love of ideals that are often not displayed by people. First and foremost, he believes in the ideals of chivalry, and always stays true to its principles. He also feels that one should be honest, truthful and faithful, which many people are not all of these ideals. The knight thinks one should only do what is right, and what will gain him honor and reputation. This character also believes in freedom and generosity towards all, and displays this ideal repea tedly passim the novel. And lastly, the knight also strongly feels that any proper person should display courtesy and elegance at all times. Another aspect of this characters lifetime which makes him seem too prestigious to be truthful is his impressive host career. He fought in the holy war, known as the Crusades and was involved in 15 mortal battles. In the prologue, the narrator informs the reader that Ful worthy was he in his lordes werre,/And therto hadde he riden, no man ferre,/As wel in Cristendom as hethenesse,/And ever honoured for his worthinesse.

Letter :: essays research papers

LegislatorDonald TrottaDear Donald TrottaMy name is Jeffrey Magloire and I am a current matriculating student at Sullivan County Community College I retain a couple of issues that I wanted to bring forward to your attention. As you may or may not know Sullivan County Community College has just constructed a new manse for incoming students. This Dormitory has opened up doors to many students that could not give c are the commute to and from school. Although the dormitory has been an advantage to students traveling the students view been living in poor condition for the last five weeks. The first problem occurred the day we walked in. The students were put into rooms where the paint smell was still resident and was the pull in of two asthma attacks. We still have not received television cameras which would have been no problem if they had more than two protective cover guards for each shift in our 350 capacity student dorm. I have read the contract that was handed to me and th e dormitory has violated many promises do on that contract. The first violation has made many students drop out(p) of school and go home and miss one semester of school. The Dormitory sess promised us daily aid on all of our bathrooms but the maintenance workers come only three times a week which has increase hazardous fumes coming from the bathroom and alike the bathroom utensils are not available to students frequently which has deferred the students from having proper hygiene. The roof fire warning signal has not been turned off due to the shortness of security officers and the qui vive goes off every night due to loitering. They also promised that we will have tele resound service which has not been honored and most of students have no way of contacting their friends and family. The School has one phone line and that one phone line is occupied by resident assistant, resident managers, security and is also the phone that security uses to contact the fire department in fo rtune of emergency.

La Ficción y la Verdad :: Spanish Essays

RESUMEN La filosofa clsica, adhiriendo a una concepcin de la verdad como adecuacin o correspondencia, con la gar anta de la subjetividad moderna en sus distintas variantes, ubic a la ficcin como a una anttesis devaluada de la verdad. Luego de una revalorizacin de la ficcin, en el siglo pasado, desde posiciones utilitaristas, abordamos una tesis de Paul Ricoeur, que correlaciona transculturalmente la actividad narrativa con el caracter temporal de la existencia humana. El eje fuerza de la obra analizada es la nocin aristotlica de mmesis, desdoblada en tres dimensiones I) prefiguracin prctica en torno a la vida cotidiana II) configuracin textual y III) refiguracin receptiva a travs de la lectura. La mmesis II , que abre el paso al como si, opera como mediacin entre el mundo de la vida -mmesis I- y la lectura refiguradora -mmesis III- y es la mediacin entre el tiempo y la narracin y entre la narracin y la verdad. La confeccin de la trama, como actividad mimtica fabuladora, est regulada en un proceso de esquematizacin, en el sentido kantiano, ya que subsume factores particulares en un todo -sensible e inteligible- bajo los parmetros del tiempo. La ficcin y la verdad se relacionan entoces libremente bajo la jida narrativa, sin la sujecin a un conciencia fundante, desplazndose a travs de una identidad narrativa, que no es una yoidad formal, ni es un cambio indeterminado, al estilode Hume o Nietzsche, sino una ipseidad, que va de la vida al texto y del texto a la lectura, en una relacin de inmanencia trascendencia.En su referencia etimolgica, el trmino ficcin, remite a dos acepciones principales a) dar forma, formar, modelar y b) simular, fingir (ficcin potica). Las dos significaciones se ligan a una tercera imaginar. Es vlido localizar a la ficcin en el mbito de lo irrreal, pero adems, la filosofa y el pensamiento clsicos han ubicado a la ficcin y a la verdad como antitticos, entendiendo a sta ltima,como adecuacin o correspondencia a una realidad en s. en este sen tido, la ficcin fue relegada a mera imaginera o mentira literaria. El estatuto de la ficcin comienza a variar, cuando a comienzos del siglo XIX, Jeremy Benthan, representante del utilitarismo ingls, apelando a la insuficiencia de las definiciones por gnero y diferencia, recurre a las ficciones. Dice este autor que las entidades reales se vinculan con lo real mediante conceptos simples, en cambio las ficticias designan indirectamente a las entidades reales.

Symbols: The Essential Element :: Literary Analysis, Native Son

Symbols the root word of all literary works. Without symbols books become boring and lifeless. Symbols assist the reader in discovering a deeper meaning. In Richard Wrights novel, Native Son, symbols are workoutd to fancy demolition, faith and living in a white run world.In the first book, readers are introduced to the rat. big is shown attempting to destroy the rat. When the rat is deceased, he appears as a flat black body with two yellow tusks (6). With this remainder, bigs murder streak starts. In the sorry death of the rat, the sickish deaths of bloody shame Dalton and Bessie Mears are foreshadowed. Marys death- while not gruesome at first- whence turns suddenly violent when larger sawed the blade into the pulp and sent the blade of the hatchet into the bone of the throat (92). Though Mary initially died by suffocation, her head being chopped off is as disturbing as the death of the rat. However, Bessies death was terrifying from the start. Bessie was murder in the mo st atrocious manner. Bessie is not only raped, but bludgeoned to death by Bigger lifting the brick again and again (237). Bessies appalling death is the worst of all the deaths. Bessie appears to have done nothing wrong however she is murdered at the hands of Bigger out of fear. Wrights use of the rat as a symbol shows how death is a horrific event in life.Wrights use of the cross helps readers recognize faith. after Bigger is arrested, he is soon visited by his mothers preacher, grand Hammond. The reverend visits Bigger in an attempt to convince him that he moldiness have faith in God. After praying for Bigger, Reverend Hammond draws from his pocket a wooden cross with a chain upon it (286). The Reverend then displace it around Biggers neck where it hangs next to the skin of Biggers chest (286). The cross presented to Bigger is Hammonds attempt at forcing Bigger to believe and hope for something better. The cross is once again seen when Bigger is leaving the Dalton home, yet th is time it is in a negative light. As Bigger exits the Dalton home, he sees a looming burning cross (337). Bigger then questions if white raft wanted him to screw Jesus too (337). It is not until people are yelling at him that this is a cross of hate, not love and faith. When Bigger returns to the van he grips the cross and snatches it from his throat (338).