Happiness in Nicomachean Ethics and Living the Rule of St. Benedict Tod

Essay written by Elizabeth SippelFrom pursuing pleasure to avoiding pain, life seems to ultimately be somewhat achieving happiness. However, how to define and obtainhappiness has and continues to be a widely debated issue. InNicomachean Ethics, Aristotle gives his view on happiness. According toAristotle, different types of people pursue different ends. The many, orordinary people, pursue pleasure, whereas politicians seek glory. However,people of superior refinement seek happiness. Happiness is the highestgoal because it is an end desired entirely for its own sake, and it is selfsufficient. In enact to define happiness, the function of man must be considered.Aristotle says that what makes man unique is his ability to reason. Thusreason must be connected to happiness in some way. Aristotle furtherargues that virtue is also tied to happiness. Virtue can be categorized aseither intellectual or moral. Intellectual virtue, as the name suggests,corresponds to the reasoning self. Moral vi rtue, on the other hand,corresponds to the desiring self. Thus moral vi...

Atomic Theory :: physics atomic theory

Missing equations The understanding of the physical world changed as the phylogenesis of the atomic theory progressed. The view of the world earlier the atomic theory is important to consider when trying to understand the kind of knowledge that people such as Democritus and Epicurus had when developing their theories that later influenced the further development of the atomic theory. Alchemy Alchemy is normally thought of as the transition of metals into gold. In reality alchemist are said by William H. Brock were often concerned with a spiritual quest by humankind to make sense of the universe. The transition of metals was only a small portion of what alchemy entailed.There were three of import terms used when describing the work of early alchemists macrobiotics, aurifiction, aurifaction. Macrobiotics used the understanding of botanical, mineral and zoological areas and then created medicines or as the people of the alchemical times called them, elixirs. Aurifiction was the bastard of gold or other precious metals. Aurifaction was the process of actually creating gold from another metal. Geography greatly influenced the practices of alchemists. All over the world people were exploring the innate world and its chemical and physical properties.Rituals similar to those involved in child birth were often found in Siberia, Indonesia and African alchemical procedures. Brock comments that, like embryos, metals grew in the womb of mother nature. There were myths associated in the creation of metals and why they were present in the world. In the Indian, Chinese and Arabic cultures they believed in the elixir of life and the alchemy taking place in these regions were focused on the body and the combination of what the body needs and what the body releases were of great importance. The Arabic culture is said to be responsible to spreading these ideas to 14th century Europe.When focusing on the development of scientific understanding it is neces sary to take a proximate look at the beliefs of the natural world of the various geographic areas.ChinaAs stated earlier, China was more focused on producing elixirs and drugs than the transition of metals. Brock states that they waned to, bring the body closer to a state of perfection and harmony with the universe. Undergoing this process would eventually lead to immortality.Naitan was the term associated with the physiological alchemy.

An Account of Racial Inequality in Langston Hughes Freedom Train :: Hughes Freedom Train Essays

An Account of Racial Inequality in Langston Hughes Freedom Train Freedom Train by Langston Hughes is a powerful and eye-opening account of racial distinction in the early Twentieth century. Hughes meter is filled with a sense of irony but also hope towards the future. This tongue-in-cheek look at the questionable Freedom Train is a powerful image. Langston Hughes included important ideas in a simple and original way. Hughes was writing at the height of the Harlem Renaissance and his pore remained on issues faced by African Americans, but he did not dwell on the injustices. Freedom Train and other writings of Langston Hughes had a really hopeful tone. The poem, written in 1947, was produced in a time surrounded by war, patriotism, and also racism in America. World War II was refinement and patriotism was at a high. The title, Freedom Train was coined from a locomotive that carried the Constitution, Declaration of Independence, and other important American documents on a t our across the United States. People were free to visit this train when it arrived in their town. This was one example of growing patriotism after World War II. The irony of this poem is, as Hughes points out, the fact that the American people were celebrating this Freedom Train and documents assuring our freedom, while African Americans were still not even considered equal citizens by close to white Americans. Racism was still common and blacks were still treated as inferiors. These injustices are what Hughes is concerned with. Hughes cannot fathom this as the Freedom Train because he has no real sense of freedom, but he is hopeful and looks to the future. Hugh asks, How can this be a Freedom Train? He remarks that he cannot even sit in the white mans railroad car that, at the same time, is encouraging freedom. The irony is unbelievable. Hughes is, in a sense, waiting for his own freedom train in a much deeper sense. By taking this poem one section at a time, and looking at the historical significance, one discovers these important links and underlying messages conveyed by Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes gives us an African American view on many issues that were important during this time. He writes in a very sarcastic manner when oration of the Freedom Train.

Iron :: essays research papers

Iron     Iron in its pure republic is soft, malleable and ductile (that can bestretched, drawn or hammered thin without pause ((Websters Dictionary, 419,1988)) with a hardness of 4-5. It is easily magnetized at room temperatures andthis property disappears when heated above 790 degrees Celsius.. Metal compressoccurs in a free state in only a few localities, notably Greenland (Encarta,1996). One of the physical properties of iron as an ore is its color which canbe black, brown or crimson ruddy. Hematite is the most important iron ore,commonly occurs as "kidney ore" - so -called because of its shape (Symes, 1988,56). Other ores included goethite, magnetite, siderite, and bog iron (Encarta,1996). Even though iron is tough and hard it is still easy to work. Iron is aactive metal and will combine with halogens, carbon, etc. It has an atomicweight 55.847, its atomic morsel is 26, its specific gravity is 7.86, itsmelting point is 1535 degrees Celsius, and its boiling point is 3000 degreesCelsius. It burns in oxygen forming ferrous oxide. When exposed to moist air,iron be get ins corroded, forming a reddish - brown, flaky, hydrated ferric oxide,commonly known as rust. (Encarta, 1996)     Iron is make in shallow seas. It comes out of the water and collectson the sea floor. This creates an underwater deposit. This function occurs overbillions of years. Through plate movement the whole sea floor is eventuallymoved up out of the water. Once out of the water, the iron has formed a landdeposit. The biggest iron deposit in the United States is in the Great Lakes.Northern Minnesota is often called the Iron Range. There are cardinal ways irondeposits are located. In the first method special machines that detects theirons magnetism are used ti find a deposit. In the succor method a plane withspecial equipment flies over an area of land suspected of having ore depositsand shoots down sound waves to determine if that area contains iron deposit.The waves come back up to the plane and determined by the pattern one can tellif there is an iron deposit.     In the early 1990s annual mathematical product of iron ore in the United Stateexceeded 56 million metric tons (Encarta, 1996). There are two ways in whichiron is mined. The two ways are open pit and shaft dig. Open pit mining isused 85% of the time for shallow deposits. Open pit mining is also call stripmining. The way open pit mining works is the top soil is removed with a

Rocky Essay -- Personal Narrative

RockyIf you were to see Rocky for the first time and you were anything like most people, you would be overcome by a feeling of repugnancy and disgust. This is because he is a homeless person person. His real name is Jack but people call him Rocky because of his 62 body and his somewhat larger than normal muscles. He doesnt have the body of any average man. The combination of his light green eyes, his long brown beard, and his long mocha hair falling nap from his winter hat, which he wears in every season, reminds me of a depiction of Jesus. But thats just pure physical appearance. Most of the time, the hair around the backtalk of his mouth is covered by whatever food he just ate. Sometimes its white rice, sometimes its powder like that from a donut, but most of the time its just a mess and I cant tell what it is. Hes a homeless clown, for lack of a better word. He likes to make people laugh, and often jokes around. As he smiles he displays a naked mouth. His two front teething are missing and most of the others sit rotting away. He mumbles words almost to the point where its incohe...

Rocky Essay -- Personal Narrative

RockyIf you were to see Rocky for the first time and you were anything like most people, you would be stamp down by a feeling of repugnancy and disgust. This is because he is a homeless person. His real name is Jack but people call him Rocky because of his 62 body and his somewhat larger than normal muscles. He doesnt have the body of any average man. The combination of his light green eyes, his long browned beard, and his long mocha hair falling down from his winter hat, which he wears in every season, reminds me of a depiction of Jesus. But thats just smooth physical appearance. Most of the time, the hair around the rim of his mouth is covered by whatever food he just ate. Sometimes its black-and-blue rice, sometimes its powder like that from a donut, but most of the time its just a mess and I cant tell what it is. Hes a homeless clown, for lack of a better word. He likes to make people laugh, and often jokes around. As he smiles he displays a naked mouth. His two front teeth a re missing and most of the others sit rotting away. He mumbles words almost to the point where its incohe...

Importance of Knowing Grammar to Students Essay

indeed. Grammar is the backbone of a wording and without it any single thing you know may be flux, in a sort of jelly without much consistency. In a nutshell, grammar provides you with the structure you take on in order to organize and put your messages and ideas across. It is the railway through which your messages will be transported. Without it, in the same way as a train preemptnot move without railways, you wont be adapted to convey your ideas to their full extension without a good command of the underlying grammar patterns and structures of the language.I understand that many students ask this question simply beca put on in their own experience they have always been presented with devil main scenarios, and nothing in between. They postulate to know where they be going to be standing as regards to their learning.Which are those two scenarios? Well, in one native we have those language courses that teach grammar almost exclusively, as if preparing the students to be gramm arians of the second language rather than users. In the other extreme we have those communicative courses in which the only thing that is done is to talk about something or to read an article and comment on it. In many cases, what is seen in one row has no resemblance to what is done in the next.In my experience, both scenarios may seem good for very specific purposes and I personally odour both are inappropriate for most language learners. For starters, by itself, a good command of the grammar of a language does not imply that the person is able to communicate effectively, as we usually see with students who have only been exposed to an all-grammar-oriented approach sometimes for many years. Many could recite the grammar by heart further if asked to express basic information, they would hesitate too much and browse through all the grammar rules in their heads before making an utterance, or simply dry up.Secondly, reasonable talking in class without anything else done in order to learn from the actual conversation is not good enough either. It may be utile of course, but up to a certain point. This approach may be more useful for very advanced students who just compulsion to brush up their second language, but for those in need of building up the foundations of a innovative language, it is certainly too vague and flux, without any consistency.So then, when asked is grammar really definitive for a second language learner? I always say yes, but, the real question, or issue here is not whether grammar is primal or not but rather how we should present grammar to our students. You may be surprised to hear that most of my own students, even advanced ones, have very little sentience of grammar jargon and terminology, in spite of the fact that they can discharge a pretty good use of the second language. How is that possible? you may ask. First and foremost, teachers need to know precisely what they are trying to prepare their students for. I do know that w hat I want is to create users of a new language.I want to prepare people to actually engage in communicative situations using appropriate language and patterns. I am definitely not interested in their explaining to me or making a mental list of all the grammar uses that a certain pattern has.For example, think of your own native language. Name all the tenses that you can find in your own native tongue with their corresponding uses and structures. Unless you are a teacher, a translator or someone who needs to have a very good grasp of this meta-language, more likely than not you may tactual sensation at a loss to answer that question. And that does NOT mean in any sense that you are not a terrific user of that language. After all, you can understand and express whatever you want with ease.What is more, by creation able to do so, you show an awesome command of the internal grammar of the language. If you knew no grammar patterns you would not be able to make a single sentence but yo u can. This means that although you may lack the conscious ability to describe how your language works (i.e. its grammar) you can use it perfectly. You are a user of the language. You make a perfect use of the grammar of your native language intuitively or unconsciously.A light upon, our primary goal as second language teachers must be to create users or the language, not linguists It escapes the aim of this article to describe how we can achieve this but basically we are going to name the main elements to consider to create language users.To begin with, it should be noted that whatever we present our students with should follow a progression from the very general subject matter to the very specific pattern or structure we want them to learn (or that they need to learn of course). I would like to highlight that all this takes place within the same class.Before we start to use the somatic we have selected, it would be good to introduce the students to the topic you are going to wor k on. You can have them guess or infer what the material will say about it, they can make predictions and when they fail to use appropriate language, you may provide it. This is good to elicit vocabulary that may be necessary for them to know in order to understand the topic. After you have created curiosity in the topic and provided students with key terms on the topic, make original you follow a progression such as the one that follows1) Provide them with exposure to real language and real situations IN CONTEXT.2) Initial focus on gist, not form.3) Focus on more specific meaning.4) We can then focus on very specific meaning.5) Analysis and systematization after we make sure the students have a good understanding of the whole material, you can have them focus on particular items or patterns that may be important for them to learn at their stage (i.e. grammar) You can systematize it more formally and teach them how it works. After all, they have already seen it in cause and they h ave in like manner worked around meaning, now it is time for them to learn how to use it.6) Give them exercises for them to practice the new structure. Do not be afraid of using grammar drills and patterns. They could be precise useful for them to fix the new structures in their brains.7) Give them homework to force them to revise this at a later time. The homework does not necessarily need to be communicative in nature. Profit from the time in class to communicate and interact. If possible, avoid drilling activities while you are with them in class. However, the time they are on their own could be very well used to do all the drilling and rote practice that may prove useful for them to gain a good command of the grammar form you are trying to teach them. Personally I feel that the time in class must be used for providing learners with as many communicative situations as possible, rather than making them focus on drills and patterns that they could easily practise on their own.8) Provide them with ample opportunities to practice what they have learned in REAL or REALISTIC communicative situations. Create situations so that they can make lots of mistakes and encourage them to improve on them by reminding them of what they have studied.9) Recycle and mention the topic again as many times as necessary, time and again.This is essential for them to finally acquire the new structures in a natural way.As you can see, I am not condemning grammar at all as some readers may feel when in my articles I complain about teachers working almost exclusively with a grammar-oriented approach. On the contrary, I feel it is essential in order to grasp a language. However, how grammar is presented to the students is what really matters. I utterly disagree with those teachers who come to class and tell the class Open your books. Today we will learn the Simple contribute Tense.In the suggested steps to follow in any class, you will have noticed that I have used a quite eclectic a pproach, scratch line from a communicative situation (steps 1-4) with the focus on understanding the message from the gist up to very detailed info and later, and only later, once meaning is clearly understood, we reach the grammar item we may need our students to learn at their stage. The obvious advantage of this approach is that while dealing with grammar, the students will have a clear idea of the context in which it was used and the communicative need it satisfied.

Never Let Me Go: What it Means to be Human

Ishiguros novel is not re exclusivelyy a science prevarication story, because science fiction writers usually testify to explain how the technology they write ab bulge out (in this novel, cloning) works. Ishiguro bonnie enjoins that cloning and harvesting is taking place, without saying anything about how it works. neer permit Me Go is really about what it doer to be human.The novel is narrated by Kathy, who used to be a student at Hailsham nevertheless is today a c arr. A carer is a person who helps mass through their donations. Kathy does not explain right away what a carer or a donor is, because determination that out is what the whole playscript is about. Kathy keeps talk about different memories she has from going to school at Hailsham and from growing up, and as she keeps talking, we set out to understand what carers and donors are.The beginning of the book opens you think that the minorren at Hailsham are normal children, who go to classes, play sports, and te ar down tease each other. They do not pick Tommy to play soccer with them, even though he is ace of the best players, because he gets angry and makes playing no fun for any wholeness else. When Tommy is not picked, he responds homogeneous any normal child would Then he began to scream and shout, a nonsensical jumble of swear words and insults (9).Tommy is also not creative, which makes the other children at Hailsham not like him because he never has anything to put in the Exchanges, which are the special times at the school where the children trade the different creative things they have made, like poems, sculptures, and paintings, and where the best things they make are selected to be taken out of the school to go to a special exhibit. The best things are taken away to the Gallery by Madame, a woman who visits the school occasionally and is shocked of us in the same(p) way someone might be afraid of spiders. We hadnt been ready for that (35). Madame is afraid of the children bec ause they are clones, but the children do not k now what they are yet, so they do not understand what she could be afraid of.During the first part of never Let Me Go, the students at Hailsham keep hearing the guardians talk about how the children should know more, but they are not told what that means. When the guardians see a student, they always stop talking about what the children should know. Some of the guardians dampen the children hints about who they are, like when unload Lucy tells them, Its not good that I smoked. It wasnt good for me so I stop it. But what you must understand is that for you, all of you, its much, much worse to smoke than it ever was for me (68). Because they will eventually be donors for people who need their organs, it would be especially bad for the children to smoke because smoking would damage their organs.Another time when they children get a hint of who they are is when Kathy is listening to her tape of Never Let Me Go. While she sings along with it and pretends she is dancing with her baby, she looks up and sees that Madame is watching her (71). Madame is crying, because she knows that Kathy will never be able to have a baby, but she runs away and does not say anything to Kathy.One day, Miss Lucy tells the children what they really are Your lives are set out for you. Youll become adults, thus before youre old, before youre even middle-aged, youll start to donate your vital organs. Thats what each of you was created to do (80). No one is really surprised by what Miss Lucy tells them, because they have sort of known all along what they were going to be. Miss Lucy was good the first one to tell them directly.After the children leave the school and go to the cottages, they continue growing up like normal children. They have boyfriends and girlfriends, do their homework, talk, and fight with each other sometimes. The cottages are where they go when they are too old to stay at Hailsham but are not old enough to live in the rea l world or become donors yet. They do get to go on trips sometimes, and on one of these trips, Ruth, Kathys best friend, tries to find her possible, the person who is possibly the original person she was cloned from (139).When Tommy was still a student at Hailsham, Miss Lucy told him that it was not master(prenominal) that he was not creative or artistic, but later she told him that she had been wrong when she said that. Tommy ends up thinking that Miss Lucy meant that the thing about being from Hailsham was that you had this special chance. And if you didnt get into Madames gallery, then you were as good as throwing that chance away (176).At this point in the story, the children think that if they are artistic, it will give them a chance to delay becoming donors. But since Tommy never got anything into the Gallery, he is afraid that he might have missed his chance. That is not why it was important for the students at Hailsham to be artistic, though. The best things the children ma de, the ones that were taken to the Gallery, were taken there because Madame wanted to provide people on the outside that clones could make paintings and write poems, because she thought that if everyone saying what they could do, they would think the cloned kids were real people.This is most important point in the book. Ishiguro wrote Never Let Me Go to subscribe the question of what makes a human being a real person, and one of the things the book talks about is that if clones can be creative and make beautiful art, then maybe they are real people, because altogether real people can make beautiful things. When Tommy starts thinking about trying to delay when he becomes a donor, he starts making little drawings that he wants to show to Madame because he hopes that maybe it is not too late for him to show what he can do.At the end of Never Let Me Go, Tommy, Kathy, and Ruth try to find Madame because they think she can get the time when they have to start donating their organs pu shed back. Ruth has already started donating, so she wants Tommy and Kathy to become a couple and ask for themselves. They find Madames house and go in, and they tell her that they are really in love. They also ask her about the gallery, and they tell her that they think the things they put into it could show her what they were really like. Madame tells them, Your art will reveal your inner selves Thats it, isnt it? Because your art will display your souls (254)Madame stops talking then, and Miss Emily starts talking to Tommy and Kathy. Miss Emily was a guardian at Hailsham. She tells them that the rumor about getting a deferral is not true, and that for most people, the hope of getting a deferral is just something for them to dream about, a harmless little fantasy (258) because they never actually try to find out if the dream is true. Another point Ishiguro makes about what is means to be human comes from this part of the book. He seems to be saying that wanting to find out what yo ur suggest in life is, to dream about it and then to try and make your dreams come true, is part of what it means to really be human.When Miss Emily tells them that the purpose of the gallery was to try and prove that they really did have souls, Kathy asks, wherefore did we have to prove a thing like that, Miss Emily? Did someone think we didnt have souls (260)? Kathy assumes that everyone thinks that they have souls even though they are clones, but Miss Emily tells her that now, no one thinks clones have souls, because all around the country, at this very moment, there are students being reared in deplorable conditions, conditions you Hailsham students could hardly imagine. And now were no more, things will only get worse (261).Close to the end of the novel, after they leave Madame and Miss Emily, Tommy makes Kathy pull the car over. He gets out and Kathy goes after him, and she sees Tommys figure, raging, shouting, flinging his fists and kicking out (274). He is shouting because he is so upset about what he has learned from Miss Emily, that no one thinks clones have souls or are real people. In a way, he does the same things at the end of the book that he does at the beginning, except that at the beginning, he was shouting and screaming because no one picked him for soccer, but now he is screaming because so many people think he is not a real person.When Tommy cries at the end of the book, and when Kathy tries to comfort him, you have to feel sad for everything they have gone through, and for what they have learned. They have acted like real people their entire lives, they have gone to school and drawn pictures and fallen in love, but now society is telling them that they are just clones and that their only purpose is to give up their organs. Ishiguro wants us to feel sad for Kathy and Tommy, and for all the clones, because he wants us to think that they are real people.If the clones really are there just so other people can have organs, then we should not feel bad for them. Its kind of like how most people do not feel bad for farm animals like cows and pigs when they are killed, because they think that the purpose of a cow or a pigs life is to be killed so humans can eat them. But by showing us how real the things the students from Hailsham are, and how they things they go through are the same as what any normal person goes through, Ishiguro is saying that it is what you do and who you are, not why or how you were made, that makes you really human.

Night Essay

Elie Wiesels Night is a refreshful about himself and his family and their time in Auschwitz. This book describes the more or less disturbed event in human history, the Holocaust. It also describes the psychological effect that the Holocaust had on the young people and adults who survived the horrible event. In the interview with Bob Costas Elie describes whatsoever of the aspects of Judaism. The main setting of this book is in Auschwitz, a tautness camp in the Holocaust and is from Elies point of view. This book has a sad tad to it and this book has many different conflicts.First off, Elie Wiesels novel Night is Elie describing his time in the biggest concentration camp in the Holocaust, Auschwitz. The purpose of writing this novel in my opinion was to inform people of what actually happened in these concentration camps on a first-hand account. Secondly, many historical and psychological events were present in the book. An vitrine of this is the descriptions of Auschwitz by El ie Wiesel. Elie also describes the crematories and gas chambers that were used to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe.Some psychological aspects of the Holocaust are that many kids knew that their parents were all of a sudden and had to go on with their lives. Also, During Elies interview with Bob Costas, he describes how his community was mainly Jewish and how the shops in the town were closed on Saturday and on Saturday and on the Sabbath people changed and became sacred. Lastly, the novel Night has two main settings. It takes place in a elflike town in Transylvania called Sighet. Also it takes place in Auschwitz, the largest concentration camp in the Holocaust.This book is told from the point of view of Elie. The tone of this book is a distraught tone. There were many conflicts in Night there was humankind vs. Man with Jews against the Nazi regime. There was Man vs. self when the Jews had to tell themselves that they would make it through the Holocaust and survive. Lastly there was Man vs. nature when the Jews were running most in the night for 40+ miles. In conclusion, I really enjoyed memorializeing Night because it gave me a better understanding of the Holocaust and what it felt like to be in a concentration camp.Night is an interpretation of the Holocaust from the perspective of a young boy named Elie Wiesel. The Holocaust is a tragedy not that of Jews but of all mankind because it deals with the question of human freedom and equality. It touches people s souls because it is not just a narration about the Holocaust and its victims it is the rootage s real memories with all the emotions and feelings . It is hard to refer this book to the memoir genre because the truth in it is combined with the invention it is a literary go not a documentary one.Nevertheless, we can see that under the main character, Eliezer, is hidden the author himself. After the occupation of Hungary by the Nazis , Eliezer and his father are apart(p) from the mother and s isters and their terrible journey to the concentration camp of Auschwitz starts . They are exhausted , hungry and practically cannot move but it is only the beginning . One of the most terrible Eliezer s memories is the picture of the hanging of fellow prisoners in the middle of the camp .Another terrible episode is a dreadful , slow goal of a young boy , who was accused in collaborating with the Nazis enemies . Elie asks Where is God ? Where is He? This shows how the Holocaust affected Elies faith in God. http//essaytree. com/english-literature/criticism-over-night-by-elie-wiesel/ Elie Wiesel was born in the small town of Sighet in Transylvania, where people of different languages and religions have lived side by side for centuries, sometimes peacefully, sometimes in bitter conflict. The region was long claimed by both Hungary and Romania.In the 20th century, it changed hands repeatedly, a hostage to the fortunes of war. Elie Wiesel grew up in the close-knit Jewish community of Sighet. While the family spoke Yiddish at home, they read newspapers and conducted their grocery business in German, Hungarian or Romanian as the occasion demanded. Ukrainian, Russian and other languages were also widely spoken in the town. Elie began ghostly studies in classical Hebrew almost as soon as he could speak. The young boys life centered entirely on his religious studies.He loved the mystical tradition and folk tales of the Hassidic sect of Judaism, to which his mothers family belonged. His father, though religious, encouraged the boy to study the current Hebrew language and concentrate on his secular studies. The first years of World War II left Sighet relatively untouched. Although the village changed hands from Romania to Hungary, the Wiesel family believed they were condom from the persecutions suffered by Jews in Germany and Poland. The secure world of Wiesels childhood ended abruptly with the arrival of the Nazis in Sighet in 1944.The Jewish inhabitants of the vil lage were deported en masse shot to concentration camps in Poland. The 15-year-old boy was separated from his mother and sister immediately on arrival in Auschwitz. He never saw them again. He managed to prevail with his father for the next year as they were worked almost to death, starved, beaten, and shuttled from camp to camp on foot, or in open cattle cars, in driving snow, without food, straitlaced shoes, or clothing. In the last months of the war, Wiesels father succumbed to dysentery, starvation, exhaustion and exposure.

FC Barcelona

FC Barcelona, also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barca, is based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. In this paper, I will talk about deuce-ace points about it the history, the achievement, and the finance of FC Barcelona. In the eighteenth century, Hans Gamber and a nonher 10 persons in Barcelona plays a game of one was not for the local people know sports football game. When Gamber on November 29, 1899 on this day created a Barcelona football indian lodge, he may be difficult to imagine how much glory and honor of the next brewing.Over much(prenominal) than one hundred years of history, FC Barcelona has grown spectacularly in every area and has progressed into something much greater than a mere sports club, turning Barcas more than a club slogan into a reality. The Barcelona football club is like a flag symbolizes the peoples hope for freedom, has continued to the present, and now, this belief has been maintained at this grumpy between the club and its supporters .In the 100 years of ups and downs in Barcelona rely on great vitality experienced all sorts of tests are honored to live with the tragedy and suffering experienced a golden age of age experienced the victories and unforgettable classic failure, these moments are tempered into a train Barcelona today a well-deserved world-class rich and powerful family. Barcelonas reputation is world class, and it gives all aspects left a deep impression.Indeed, Barcelona at that time was indeed standing on the highest point in Europe, Barcelona is the only Grand Slam tournament for several teams in Europe, one of the club, in addition to Intercontinental, Barcelona honor room displays all feasible honor, the spoils of war The most striking is the UEFA Champions League, Barcelona at Wembley made history, winning the highest honor in EuropeIn addition to continuing the greatest achievement than the conquest is that Barcelona is the only European team never missed the European Cup team, from the va rious European Cup in 1955 began, they continued to win their spoils of war in Europe winning trophies, including the four times they won the League Cup in Europe is already a king-class team, and today, those who quietly glittering trophy was located in display cases in years there is no refining its stand their glory.Of course, the performance of Barcelona in Spain is also as good as with the European theater, 25 Kings Cup champion so far behind other Spanish teams. Year 1922 -1957 duomo Stadium scene of a successful era, Cathedral Stadium, in 1922 started to use to witness to our growth during the golden age of Barcelona (1919 -1,929 years). During prime time because of national war (Franco rebellion) suddenly interrupted. But the Cathedral Stadium is much(prenominal) a time has been spent to give Barca brought five league championship.In year 1919 -1929, during the decade was considered a golden time for Barcelona, when the team has Samidier, Al-hole Tara, Zamora, Saginaw, P ierrat, and Sancho technologically professional The players, the club at that time the national downturn has also been recognized as the Catalan Catalan doctrine sign. May 20, 1922, Cathedral Stadium officially completed and put into use. This was a very luxurious stadium can accommodate 30,000 people, and later expanded to 60,000 people. In 1924 the club celebrated the 25th day of remembrance team when I was a famous painter who Iosep of Valencia.Sege Reers painted a poster for the Barcelona club, membership has increased to 12207 people, and the future looks bright. . 5 years after the 1928-1929 season, Barcelona won a league championship history, following the 1923-24, 1924-25, 1925-26, 1926-27, 1927-28 season, the rule of successive five Catalan Cup as well as the 1924-1925,1925-1926,1927-1928 arranged after the Spanish Cup, the Champions League so that culminated in Barcelona. The last game with Real Sociedad twice a re-match, with Barca goalkeeper Franz heroic magical play, Barca beat rivals to win, and later the poet Rafael.Alberti also import a poem as a tribute. In 2009, Barcelona became the graduation club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League. That same year, it also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year, thus completing the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish exceedingly Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2010, Forbes evaluated Barcelonas worth to be around 752 million (USD $1,000 million), ranking them fourth after Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Arsenal, based on figures from the 200809 season.According to Deloitte, Barcelona had recorded revenue of 366 million in the same period, ranking second to Real Madrid, who generated 401 million in revenue. Along with Real Madrid, Athletic Bilbao, and Osasuna, Barcelona is organise as a registered association. Unlike a limited company, it is not possible t o purchase shares in the club, but only membership. The members of Barcelona, called socis, form an assembly of delegates which is the highest governing system of the club. As of 2010 the club has 170,000 socis. An audit by Deloitte in July 010 showed that Barcelona had a net debt of 442 million, currently 58% of net worth as evaluated by Forbes. The raw counselling of Barcelona, which Javier Faus revealed the audit numbers Barcelonas debt as of today is the biggest in the clubs history. That doesnt mean anything but that we are not comfortable working(a) with this debt. The current debt is the biggest in the clubs history, even greater than in 2003. The losses back in 2002-2003 in Gasparts era were the biggest in the clubs history at the time and on top of that the income that Barca has today is much bigger than back in 2002-2003.After explaining all this, I inactive prefer the clubs current picture. News had emerged that the club had recorded a loss of 79 million over the co urse of the year, despite having defended their La Liga title. The balance of Laporta is 11million, and Rosells balance is -77 million, there is a difference of 88 million Euros. And there are some reasons about this problem. First, Joan Gamper Sant Joan Despi land bargain 21. 5 million. Only 1 million has been received so far. This money was not included as income by the auditor.Second, Mediapro TV contract 16 million were included from a deal with Mediapro where the club will get 4 million until 2013 for TV rights. Only 4 million were included by the auditor. Third, Mediapro intelligent dispute There is also a levelheaded dispute with Mediapro where Barca would get 13 million back from them (in case of winning the dispute). The auditor only took 50% into account. Forth, Henrys last year amortization value 8. 2 million This was not included by the auditor since Henry will not complete his last year in Barca.Fifth, Baenas indemnisation there is a legal dispute with Espanyol for this players transfer which could give Barca 3. 9 millions (if Barca wins the legal dispute) Not included by the auditor. Sixth, Villa Decans lands These lands were estimated to have a value of 17 million euros by an appraiser consultant hired by Laporta but the new management got this estimate from an actual certified appraiser who valued the land in 5. 7 millions. Auditor included 50% of the difference between both(prenominal) amounts.Seventh, Sogecables contract there is also a legal dispute against Sogecable for TV rights that could give Barca 25 million euros back. This was not included since Barca lost the first sitting of this dispute. There is also a big discrepancy regarding FC Barcelonas total debt (in millions of Euros) between Barcelona AGM (30), Barcelona accounts (202), English media (350), and Rosells campaign (489) before the presidency changed. As explained in The Swiss Rambles blog, they are all correct in their account because in definition, debt can be broadly interpreted.

Lost in the Digital World

Lost in the Digital World Technology is everywhere in todays society. It is how we communicate with others, finger of communication and even how we turn in our essays for an English class. It is beneficial to the world in so many ways but at the same metre it also has many negative effects. In the clause Can You Hear Me Now? by Sherry Turkle, she explores how technology is affecting our daily lives, especially communication. Before the article even begins there is a quote Thanks to technology, people carry never been more connectedor more alienated (270).The author explains that through technology our bond with communication is suitting weaker and more people rely on technology to control their lives, rather than having control of their own lives. First gives the instance of her being at a conference and not a single someone can get off technology to even pay charge to what they even came to the conference for. In my personal opinion it shows that we have lost respect for pe ople and have gained more respect for technology and what is going on with the digital world more than the real world. Every once in a while audience members give the speaker some at cardinal-spottion, lowering their laptop screens in a kind of digital curtsy (270). How can we expect someone to listen to us if we cannot even pay attention to them in person? Technology is often the easy way out and it shows through stock meetings, families, and how kids are being raised in society in this time. A business meeting is a very personal thing. It is not near what you talk about but it is also how the person founts, communicates in person, and sound that vibe you get when you know how to handle people. Consultants used to talk to one another as they wanted to give presentations now they spend that time doing email (271). Technology is so impersonal that it makes people unconnected personally. I agree with the author as she criticizes the technology world. We are connected, tethered, s o important that our physical presence is no lifelong required (272). The fact that we do not communicate with people on a deeper level can cause makes trusting people too easy.Texting and emailing a coworker is so convenient for the life of a business person, but are you really going to get the same response or conversation when you could just do it in person? Not only are our careers getting taken over by technology, but our entire lives. The first thing I do whenever I wake up every morning is to check my cell phone to see who had texted me last night while I was sleeping. It never was brought to my attention on how horrible this habit is until I read this article by Turkle. I look at my watch to see the time. I look at my BlackBerry to get a sense of my life (273).A sense of life should not be a hand-held-size of internet and the people that consume your life. A sense of life is how you live it and the decisions and choices that you make. The personal connections that you have with the people you love and respect and most of all trust. I am also guilty of texting my momma when we are in the same house. Even though these ways of communication are so easy and most of the time effective we lose a personal connection and reflect on just pure laziness. A cellphone gives someone a source of protection because they know someone is just a click away. Kids get cell phones from their parents. In return they are expected to answer their parents calls. On the one hand this arrangement gives teenagers new freedoms. On the other they do not have the experience of being alone and having to count on themselves there is always a parent on hotfoot dial. (275). There are so many reasons why kids would need cell phones but if the world got by without them before, can they do it again? Technology with adolescents is much(prenominal) a touchy subject just because of how easy it is to abuse that power of connecting with the entire world.With being so impersonal in the world we have little fear of what we are showing to the public. Even though we are not communicating with people, they can simply get on a website to see what you have been doing for the past twenty-four hours of your life because of how little privacy is online. If you have nothing to hide, you have nothing to fear (277) this quote is so impersonal because you are conceal something or simply do not want other people to know your personal life should not mean that you have anything to fear.In the past ten years technology has advances tremendously at a rapid rate and it will be crazy to see where it takes us in the next ten years. I am one to hope that it can be deduce more personal and things more like Skype come into play. Reliance on technology has come too far out of hand and society would be a much better place if more people focused on how to counting their lives versus who texted us. We need to focus on building stronger connections with the people around us instead of the conn ection with the devices in our hands. ?

Early Christian, Jewish, and Byzantine Art

Early Christian art spans from the first to fifth centuries followed by the vast term of Byzantine art from the fifth century to the 16th century in Eastern Europe. Much of the art during this period had a religious context or enacted a religious purpose. The paintings and mosaics were meant to remind worshippers of their God, and the architecture was meant to serve both functional and aesthetic purposes.When Constantine I issued the Edict of Milan in 313 and moved the center of the Romans empire from Rome to Constantinople, the Byzantine Empire and Constantinople became the center of power and culture. The architecture of the Christian era came in deuce forms the basilica and of import intents. The basilica plan typically contains a large nave, an apse and an atrium on either end, clerestory windows, and two side aisles along the nave. This plan is found in The Church of Santa Sabina.The central plan, or tholos, served as tombs, martyrs churches, or baptisteries. These plans typi cally contain either a sarcophagus or altar at the center and most often have a large dome on top. This plan is found in the Church of Santa Costanza and the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, which employs the cruciform, or cross-shaped, style. Mosaics during the Christian era sometimes used syncretic images such as in Harvesting of Grapes in the ambulatory of the Church of Santa Costanza.The architecture of Byzantine art is characterized much by the Church of Hagia Sophia, or Holy Wisdom. This church combines the two floor plans of the Christian period, basilica and central. It has pendentives to hold its massive dome, flowing layers of half domes along its exterior wall, and many windows to let the gold on the mosaics shimmer. The Church of San Vitale is designed in a central plan but is interesting in that it has a very modest, unassuming exterior, but a complex, mosaic-covered interior.Two mosaics distinguishing emperor moth Justinian and Empress Theodora represent how artists empl oyed reverse perspective. The Transifguration of Christ as St. Catherines Monastery in Sinai depicts Christ in a blue mandorla which represents royalty and glory. The mosaics in later centuries depict Christ in a Pantokrator fashion a bust level portrait of Christ with book in one hand and peace in other. This Late Byzantine art also depicts Christ in new ways, such as the Crucifixion and together with Mary in Virgin of Vladmir.

Journal Article Review Essay

The general topic of pardon has received a magnitude of attention and query on a abstract level in recent years. Hall and Fincham consistently noted, however, that self-forgiveness had little to no empirical study or research documented and believe this is a tiny piece to an individuals overall emotional health. In an effort to stimulate additional research on the subject, they wrote the aforesaid journal article. The article describes self-forgiveness by definition in both a spiritual and a psychological context. Much insight is given to the similarities and differences between self-forgiveness, or intrapersonal forgiveness, and interpersonal forgiveness. M any(prenominal) conceptual distinctions ar addressed and appropriately confirm the need for further research on self-forgiveness as it relates to the inflated interest in the importance and nature of forgiveness in general. In addition, much discussion covers the relation of self-forgiveness to interpersonal forgiveness in re gards to the importance, or even necessity, of integrity to the other.A theoretical model of self-forgiveness is draw and described in relation to forgiveness of interpersonal transgressions. Self-inflicted pain takes on a particular importance as a catalyst to the healing address in both self-forgiveness and interpersonal forgiveness. Finally, different types of determinants are described and analyzed in relation to the theoretical model and its limitations.Journal Article Review 3InteractionSelf-forgiveness is an intriguing topic, from my own personal perspective, and one that immediately caught my attention when scanning the journal articles offered. I agree with Hall and Fincham that further research on the subject would be extremely beneficial and embraced. Of particular interest to me was the complicated nature of categorizing and defining self-forgiveness. What seemed to be a simple concept is, in fact, work with multiple levels of complex considerations that must be addr essed in order to properly define and diagram self-forgiveness.In general, self-forgiveness is identified by a super acid ability to exhibit self-respect in spite of the acceptance of wrong-doing (Hall, J., Fincham, D., 2005). I never considered the distinction between interpersonal forgiveness and intrapersonal forgiveness. While they share many an(prenominal) similarities, there is even greater evidence of the differences between the two. One significant difference involves the consequences of withholding forgiveness from self. It is likely that intrapersonal unforgiveness can be much much detrimental than interpersonal. Hall & Fincham state Self-forgiveness often entails a resolution to change (2005).It is this process of acceptance of ones own imperfections and sinful nature that catapults a desire for self-improvement and growth. This is a critical component of healing the soul and inauguration the journey to spiritual and mental health. Also enlightening was the declarati on that one can experience pseudo self forgiveness by failing to acknowledge any wrong doing and convincing him/herself that they are without fault. Finally, I was struck by the notion that self-forgiveness will typically vary and should be approached as such.Journal Article Review 4ApplicationThe idea that self-forgiveness has be overshadowed by research on interpersonal forgiveness prompts further contemplation into the root causes of many emotional determinants such as depression, shame, and guilt. If a counseling situation arose and my client presented any of the above emotions, I would encourage conversation that delves deeper into the core source of these emotions. It is highly likely that unforgiveness is present. The Bible warns us about the repercussions of unforgiveness and I believe this pertains to self-unforgiveness as easily as interpersonal. Bitterness is usually a result of unforgiveness and ultimately, recognizing your worth through the eyes of God is freeing and c an soften a hardened heart.If we are to look at healing of the whole person, which should be our ultimate goal as counselors, a huge part of that will be making peace treaty with our past mistakes and choices. We all have regrets and, to an extent, we probably all carry around a certain amount of self-unforgiveness. Hall and Fincham state self-forgiveness can be used as the vehicle through which self-reconciliation occurs (2005). I would apply this to most any counseling situation. Discovery of the source of our pain, shame, and guilt can be the beginning of the journey of the healing process. Because we are incapable of escaping ourselves, and our own thoughts, at some point, self-unforgiveness is going to surface. A good counselor is going to be aware of this and choose it from the beginning. It could easily lay the groundwork for the working stage of the counseling process and give the counselor direction in how to proceed. Healing the soul is not invariably easy work, but it helps when you know the source of the brokenness.ReferencesHall, J. & Fincham, F. (2005). Self Forgiveness The step-child of forgiveness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, volume number 24, 621-637.

Assess the view that secularisation Essay

There is no agreed definition of the word secularization- depending on how you trace it will go e actuallywhere whether or non it is disaster/exists. Some will argue that secularisation is happening, it never happened, it did happen, or its a western issue. The exclusivist definition sees religious belief as involving beliefs in many supernatural, supra-human being or forces of some kind, which would indicate that secularisation is apparent in newfangled society as church attendance has pass upd in the UK from 11.1% of the population in the 1980s, to 6.6% in 2005. The inclusivist definition takes a less traditional approach, and includes beliefs and activities that most wouldnt define as phantasmal e.g. New Age Movements that look at spiritual therapies this suggests secularisation isnt happening and that religion is never equally to decline as alternative activities replace traditional roles of religion. If secularisation is defined as the exclusivist definition, then th e UK can be classes as experiencing secularisation.Different sociologists countenance different theories contributing to our sense of secularisation, for vitrine Webers rationalisation guess. However, opponents of the secularisation debate argue that secularisation is entirely apparent in modern European societies, as church attendance and religious participation is in the increase in castries like America. Firstly evidence supporting the view of secularisation is only in modern European societies includes the decline of religious participation. In the UK, not only has church attendance decreased in recent eld church marriages, funerals and other religious ceremonies have dropped in attendance, as well as an increase in divorce rates and premarital children (50% of all parents) which suggests a decline in moral beliefs.Bruce suggests that the growth in scientific explanations and the application of technology in modern society has undermined the traditional religious beliefs. However, this decline in religious participation does not pass to the whole of the world. According to the 2004 Home Office Citizenship survey, minority ethnic groups are generally more(prenominal) religious than Whites, as they rank religion as second or third most classical indicator of identity- compared to White British who ranked it 10th. Bellah goes against the view that secularisation is only a western European problem and argues that those who attend church in othercountries might not be going for religious reasons e.g to get into certain schools- which Davie refers to as belonging with turn up believing.Wilson agrees that secularisation is pickings place, and argues that churches of modern European societies has recently become disengaged churches no longer plays a part in important aspects of social life e.g. education, health care, morality or politics, and thus no longer has influence over the new generation. However in many countries religion fluid plays a big p art in society, as many countries base their culture on religion and many cultural events are still based on traditional religion- this supports the view that secularisation is only a trace of modern European societies. Although, others argue that the decrease in traditional religion influence is not evidence for secularisation, as in modern society religion has resacularised people are turning from traditional beliefs into spiritual.For example the increase in diversity of New Age Religions e.g. yoga and meditation have an increasing participation rate. Postmodernists argue that religion is not declining its just being reorientated, which gives individuals a chance to pick n mix aspects of society to suit them. Wilsons theory of disengagement of churches could also be criticised as many churches still have connections to modern day society, for example many charities are linked with the church, the Queen is the head of state, and there are 26 Bishops in the family unit of Lords. This means that secularisation is not actually a feature of modern European society as it is misinterpreted due to the recent change in focus of religion which is moving away from traditional beliefs and winning on spiritual values. Weber believes that the increasing rationalisation of the world has drained the magic and mystery out of religious ways of thinking.Science has provided the basis for the advance in technology that gives humans the power to function nature and undermine the religious worldview that events can be explained by using the will of God. Humans therefore have lost the ability to experience a sense of sacredness and mystery in life. This disenchantment cannot apply in un genuine, 3rd world countries as this scientific belief and advance in technology hasnt reached there, and many countries manage to combine science and religion. Religion in places of suffering is still justified by these societies as being a plan made by God, and therefore religion acts as a g limpse of hope. Therefore secularisation is only a feature of modernsociety, especially in developed counties like European societies.A growth in fundamentalism has returned in many countries, where pockets of the world take religious very seriously and take the literal meaning of religious texts and associated behaviour- so secularisation is a feature of only European societies. Although some would argue that this is only reinserted due to strong socialisation into being very religious (especially through family and education), so being religion is a cultural influence rather than a personal weft/belief. Some sociologists argue that religion has undergone Disneyfication Lyon suggests post modern society has trivialised religion in order to appeal to the modern society by promoting fun and amusement. In order for religion to operate in the modern European societies, it has to market itself (like a spiritual supermarket).However this does not necessarily count as secularisation, as others argue that this marketing of religion gives a wider choice of religion which technically creates more religion- post modernists argue that disneyfication enhances religion. However, religious pluralism sees power in society spread among a wide flesh of interest groups and individuals, which no single one having a monopoly of truth. People in modern society have a huge choice of religion- and can be a part of more than one religious institution. This means it is very hard to measure participation due to the vast amount of religions and therefore secularisation has been misjudged in modern European society. Marxists and Feminists would go against this view as they believe religion is still contend its role in creating conflict between different social classes, and therefore secularisation cannot be taking place.To conclude, the view that secularisation has been a feature of modern European societies is debated by many sociologists, and these theories and contributions are u seful in explaining why some countries are experiencing secularisation more than others. It recognises current issues like disenchantment, disneyfication and the new insights of scientific explanations. However it is heavily criticised by other sociologists for ignoring important aspects of society, like religious pluralism and many studies are over-the-hill so no longer apply tp modern societies. Feminists would argue that religion still plays its role in exploiting women, and Functionalists believe religion is still acting as social glue. Postmodernists also disagree and believe that religion is more diverse inmodern society so individuals can have more choice in what they believe.

Is It True That Acting Quickly and Instinctively Is the Best Response to a Crisis Essay

A man who waits to hope in action before acting is anything you like, except he is not a man of action. It is as if a tennis doer before returning the ball stopped to think about his views of the sensible and mental advantages of tennis. You must act as you breathe. Georges Clemenceau Is it true that acting quickly and instinctively is the best retort to a crisis? Or are there sequences when an pressing situation requires a more watchful consideration and a slower response?Differentiating circumstances determine the best course of action to recall whether it is a carefully constructed and slower response or a quick instinctive reaction to a crisis it all depends on the level of urgency and time and resources available. Literature and history have shown how different responses may have a positive or negative outcome. Events of the past illustrate what type of response is the best for certain situations such as the carrying out cardiopulmonary resuscitation or the planned escape of Romeo and Juliet in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare or the response to Americas division in 1860 over the possession of African American slaves resulting in the American cultured state of war of 1861-1865.Situations which may determine life or death with a very short time span available always need a quick, urgent and instinctive response. A response like one to perform CPR on a singular suffering a cardiac arrest, this response is initiated by the natural human instinct to protect and but anothers life. An urgent situation such as this one has only one response method and that is one of action as acclaimed by Georges Clemenceau as every second wasted adds to the conjecture of death of the patient.Many situations especially those involving relationships need an objectively assessed response planned, a response with an absence of infixed emotion. The play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare exemplifies this notion. The two lovers act passionately out of emotion and adoration for the other that they do not fully consider the outcomes and results of their actions. In this scenario each an objective observer or a quick of scent decision from an insider needs to occur to determine their paths of action. Because they both acted irrationally and emotionally influenced it resulted in the eventual grievous demise of both Romeo and Juliet.History proves the embody the ideals of planned responses as a course of action to an urgent situation like one of divided nationalism and prospective anarchy. Close to the start of the American Civil War in 1861, America was divided between the southern states defending their right to slavery of African Americans and the rest of the country. The southern states in general rebelled against Lincolns leadership and denied his potency over them trail to imminent anarchy that he was forced to go to war in order to reassert that authority and leadership and unite the country. Up until this present day it is still debatable whether he should or should not have gone to war but it opens up the questions and the possibilities of a calmer planned response.The atrocities of the American Civil War shed light on the ideals of a slower planned reaction to the crisis. However it is undeniable that either response, instinctive or planned, would have both effective and detrimental effects on the country but to what extent is the question. History, literature and day to day tales of crises and solutions have taught us that the time of response to a disaster required is entirely dependent on that certain circumstance and its own level of urgency and time and resources accessible.

Arthur Miller wrote the play Essay

What Miller does do to excellent egress is keep the pace of the plot speeding along and twisting in different directions all the time, at one time the focal point is on Danforth and his control of the court, then at another it is Abigail and the girls deception that Mary Warrens spirit has possessed them.Throughout this leave out he keeps the dramatic import by having some different plot lines run into each other at this point reminders attempt to save Elizabeth, Mary Warrens declaration that the girls argon putting on a show and Abigail Williams and the girls dramatic role-play claiming Mary Warren is sending her spirit out on them. each(prenominal) of these plot lines be intertwined in the court room scene and are exposed in nates Proctors announcement that he is guilty of lechery.Some of the central themes and concerns in The Crucible are evident in this purify intolerance, being a society run strictly by a theocracy means that Salem is run by strict laws and religion. A ny wavering outside these rules or ghostly thoughts is unacceptable. Danforth is uncharitable when listening to Proctor and Giles Coreys attempted reasoning and proposals. Salem at this time was intolerant of any un-natural endeavours, just as America in the 1950s was intolerant of any un-Ameri cigaret activities or communists.Acts of search and arrest became known as McCarthyism, led by Senator John McCarthy. Hanging those who were accused was seen as restoring purity to the theocracy in Salem. Another recurring theme in The Crucible is that of personal reputation. In this extract Proctor seeks to keep his name from being tarnished by giving testament against Abigail claiming that she is delivering her accusations through jealousy of his married woman Elizabeth, and by announcing that he has committed adultery through his affair with Abigail.Reverend Parris acts only on what he thinks is best for his reputation throughout the whole play, particularly in this extract when he lies about seeing the girls naked dancing in the woods, I do not deny they danced, but I never saw any of them naked. Parris lies in order to keep his reputation, for if it were released that he had found his daughter and many other girls dancing naked in the woods and compacting with the devil then he would be driven from his office as the reverend of Salem.Judges Danforth and Hathorne are both unwilling to accept that Proctor is fair and do not want to admit to being deceived by a bunch of girls claiming witchcraft and are therefore forced to charge John Proctor to keep their own reputations, making the interrogation uncomplete towards the young girls and unfair on Proctor. The other central theme of the play is the role that hysteria can play in societies. The lies by Abigail all the way through the play and particularly in this extract easily manipulate the judges and the residents of Salem to turn against the accused which ultimately leads to their executions.Miller has linked this psychoneurotic theme to the McCarthyism period in which he lived in the 1950s, the hysteria led by Senator Joseph McCarthy and his hunt for communists and communist sympathisers in post WWII America and during the Cold War. Miller seems to have based his character Judge Danforth on the individual Senator Joseph McCarthy both are over-seeing the hysteria of the communities and are leading the search for the accused and presiding over their trials.

Psychological Impact of Socio-Political Factors Essay

A orderliness is composed of distinct cultures which identifies itself from some otherwises. The cultures of societies argon distinct and masss lives atomic number 18 usu aloney patterned from dominant traditions, practices and thoughts within that culture. Culture could be held responsible in the upbringing of an individual. People continuously conform on the dynamic culture of the baseball club as they adhere on the norms, practices and determine. Culture is an ever-changing feature of a cab atomic number 18t and incessantly develops and redefines attributes establish on lifestyles and conditions.It is influenced by dissimilar factors that create sustained tight cultures. This ordain further exit on the variations in cultures of a global auberge. We attribute ethnical differences in its historical and ecological context. Socio- political factors also influenced our culture. These factors influence mental appendages of an individual. As world trade and globalization argon greatly emphasized, interaction across culture is increased and cultural diversity becomes a hindrance to full achieve its objectives. Socio-political factors are in many forms and are inherently embedded in culture.These factors play operative role in molding the identity of a particular society. Socio-political factors are founded based on our beliefs and values and our behavioral tendencies and they were accustomed in our daily lives (Schneider, 2004). Stereotyping in that location were so many social groups in any country and it makes that particular nation a diverse geographic area. We could easily picture a collage of the various social groups but we could fail to include the veritable identities and configurations of these social groups (Stangor & Schaller, 1996).We may generate a statement on the apprehension of the characteristics and employ it to describe the whole group. For example, Germans are hot-tempered and African Americans are rowdy. This process of th ought depicts the conventional definition of stereotypes in social psychological science, in which stereotypes are regarded as the chief(prenominal) picture portraying the totality or the representation of a particular group of individuals. Stereotyping could also populate in the minds of the persons who are being stereotyped (Stangor & Schaller, 1996). Stereotyping is a type of socio-political factor where we categorized people based on our beliefs.Perception plays a large part in the social context. Stereotyping is how we grasp people as naturalised by a particular circumstance. In the course of time, stereotypes are considered synonymous to certain constructs that is official in the study of stereotypes. Stereotypes are considered as products of categorization, labels, schemas- these constructs tend to overlap each other for they were closely cogitate (Schneider, 2004). Stereotypes is a result of our behavior towards others, it also affect our behavioral patterns toward dif ferent kinds of people.thither is a unassailable participation of group members in fostering stereotyping in people. Shared experiences suggested that stereotypes grew impliedly when members of a particular group perceived a certain category on the other group of individuals (Schneider, 2004). We think in-groups and out-groups as natural phenomena and we perceive them differently. Categorization of groups evolved into stereotyping. Stereotyping could render negative implications, this includes depriving opportunities to the persons being stereotyped based solely on the biased belief of the one assessing them.Stereotyping could be an individual problem and shall consider that it is not a shared knowledge, but when the learning was common in all members of the community its effects become more noxious because it affects the whole society in the same way (Stangor & Schaller, 1996). Stereotyping, therefore, could be looked at two perspectives. It could exist in the persons mind, as r epresentations of a persons beliefs and values. It could also be viewed as a piece of societys social fabric, a part of a larger scale of commonly shared perception of social groups (Stangor & Schaller, 1996).It becomes a question if the existence of social reality is individualized or dwell as a shared understanding. The particular distinction between the two lies mainly in the assumed relevancy of this common knowledge and its importance and impacts on the lives of each individual within the social group (Stangor & Schaller, 1996). racialism Stereotyping could evolve into other socio-political factors that may render detrimental effects. Racism can be widely utilized in everyday life. The concept of racism is negatively burdened, injected with political and moral translations.Therefore, claiming someone to be a racist is considered as inappropriate and even immoral. The definition is inclined for connoting political abuse. The definition also offers implication in the field of a cademics and raise political and moral argumentation (Miles & Brown, 2003). Racism is the generalized body of information, real or imaginary, pertaining to a person or group of individual that render benefits or gain on the racist and expense on the one being judged (Memmi et al. , 1999). Racism is the mistreatment of people based on their race.We all belong in a particular race, human race. This resulted from the inequality in the social structures and configurations. It is also a product of inequitable and unequal stratification of economic, political and social means (Sherover-Marcuse, 2000). Racism is defined improperly. There is no established definition for racism, if we would think philosophically, if racism is defined as morally and politically undesirable. There must be a shared understanding on why it is unacceptable. the definition could not established a concrete criteria on whether an account is racist or not.Utilizing the existing definition, we could be all racists. I f the panoptic definition will be adhered, then it impliedly says that American people are all racists (Miles & Brown, 2003). Sometimes the description on the person being discriminated is inaccurate and they were being judged based on their color and cultural identity. Thus, it result to social empowerment of the racists and the judgments were passed into concurrent society that affects everyone (Sherover-Marcuse, 2000). Sexism Another socio-political factor that becomes a major dilemma in the society is the concept of sexism.Sexism directs us in the delving into gender studies, but it is a critical issue for it deals with a lot of aspects of gender inequality. Sexism is the inherent belief of the superiority of a particular sex over the other and therefore claims the right to be dominant in society (Curry, 1995). This will lead us in perceiving that in conventional society manful is dominant over the female specie. This is evident in our report books and even in the holy script ures of religions. Most of the messages were addressed to males.The dominance of males connotes the inferiority of females and the deprivation of prerogatives and rights enjoyed by the other sex. Many uprisings of the women sectors have been accounted in history in attempt in driveing liberation and equality in treatment and opportunities. For example, the acquisition of suffrage is a pivotal event in womens history and the qualification to participate in major economic and political activity was celebrated by women in the society. Although there are claims that sexism no longer exists in our society.We could say that it is impliedly manifested through various of means. There were still claims in mistreatment in the workplace and females were not given equal opportunities. Mass media greatly contributes in reinforcing the concept of sexism through the portrayals of women in ads and programs depicting the traditional concept of women as inferior, weak, dependent and as home provid ers. There is a lack of portrayal of the emerging female specie- dynamic, strong and nurturing. Psychological Impact These socio-political factors have an undeniable psychological impact to a culturally diverse individual.Each person was raised in a society with inherent culture established that distinguished the group of individuals to other group of individuals. Every one of us is composed of layers of cultural learning ascribed or acquired that make up the totality of our individuality. These layers of cultural teachings were acquired through various influences. Every individual was shaped ethnicity, race, religion, education, profession, organization and parents. These attributes are the primary factors that affect the formation of the individuality of a person.Ones gender, peers, family and origin are also vital in redefining the ones cultural identity (Gardenswartz & Rowe, 1998). Because we acquired our cultural teachings in different sources we are programmed differently and were reared heterogeneously. Therefore our individual differences make us culturally diverse. The socio-political factors aforementioned could be well-explained and examined under the specific branch of psychological science- Evolutionary Psychology. This new branch of psychology is focused on establishing explanations on mental and psychological traits of individuals.There is a growing symbiotic and profound relationship between environmental and social psychology. Evolutionary theory is slowly infiltrate social psychology researchers. Evolutionary psychology examines new frontiers with specialty, like the socio-political factors mentioned above (Perilloux & Webster, 2008). It was argued that these factors shaped a persons psychological mechanisms. It was stated that the concept of self do not exist but it was layers of psychological mechanisms (Perilloux & Webster, 2008). These socio-political factors discussed above are somehow interconnected with each other.Stereotyping could r ender significant psychological impacts in the upbringing of an individual. They may obtain wrong information about persons they stereotyped. For stereotypical roles, though shared by a lot of people could not be regarded as true. Stereotyping will reflect implicit behavioral comments like that there are roles more appropriate for men and women. This will create a general perception that some roles are only intended for a particular sex and that the other could not offer strong decisions and capabilities in participating in these certain palm (Swim et al. , 2001).This also indicates that men are better in male-dominated fields (Swim et al. , 2001). Due to the stereotypical roles and attributes being tagged to persons, they were undermined of their capabilities and capacities. It will also say that women are inferior and motionless (Swim et al. , 2001), which is untrue about women nowadays. More women are participating in the fields dominated by male before and show exemplary perfo rmance in doing tasks. But the greatest implication would be an temper for women (Swim et al. , 2001). Because of stereotyping, people will create an attitude towards the stereotyped individual.

The Symbols in the Tell-Tale Heart

01121133 A Professor Introduction to English Literature and American Literature, Tue 78 Paper1 The Tell- twaddle Heart Oct, 23, 2012 The symbol in The Tell- bosh Heart According to the Norton Introduction to Literature, the definition of symbol is that A symbol in a conk of literature comp bes or wanders together two things that are in some ways dissimilar. A symbol in literature usually carries richer and various meanings, as does a flag or religious image. And because of its significance, a symbol usually appears or is hinted at numerous times by means of show up the work (Booth 209).Thus, symbols are used in literature to represent something more than the literal aspect itself. They can come in the form of phrases, colors, objects or issuances. Through this, the writer can effectively suggest unsaid ideas and meanings to the audience. The use of symbolisation serves as clues by the author, to infer something more or a deeper meaning. Therefore, this essay is going to anal yze this allegory by interpret symbols appeared in the story The Tell Tale Heart. In the story, the vote counter claims that he is non mad, but his behavior, thought and words tell a different story.The teller is determined to kill the quondam(a) macrocosm in the story, not because jealously or animosity but because one of his malls resembled that of a vulture- a pale blue eye, with a film over it (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart). The fabricator put the subjective feeling on the eye the narrator said the over-the-hill mans eye is an Evil Eye (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart). An eye is covered by a veil or film it symbolically means that the narrator has issue with the inner vision-what is commonly known as ones outlook on the world. So our reading of the story is through the eye which is be by the narrator.Then, when we read the story, we provide be leaded by the narrator subjective feeling through what the narrator call an Evil Eye (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart). So, one of the hoar mans eyes interprets the narrators world of the heart. According to The Tell Tale Heart, I undid the lantern guardedly-oh, so cautiously cautiously (for the hinges creaked) I undid it honorable so much that a wiz thin irradiation furious upon the vulture eye. We could know that the lantern in the story can be adjusted to as much or as little as you want, and the narrator keeps most of light hidden only allowing one ray to escape.The narrator said, I found the eye always closed and so it was impossible to do the work for it was not the obsolete man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart). The narrator wants to kill the old man because of that eye, so the narrator could only kill the old man when the old mans eye wide-opened however, we could know if the old man opens his eye, he will know that the narrator is going to kill him. And, in the story, the narrator keeps emphasizing that what the behaviors are done is so cautious and that the old man wont find it . So, the ray from the lantern symbolizes the contradiction in the narrators heart.The dormancy room is the place where we usually feel safe most of the time, when we are on the guard intercourse, we are usually susceptible because of a lack of sense of crisis. However, Poe write the bedroom as a dangerous place where faculty even be killed. It is defined as a burial. The biggest symbol in the story is all the contradictions which symbolize the narrator who is insane. We can see lots of contradiction in this story. First, It took me an hour to place my whole passing in spite of appearance the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart).It is really strange to spend an hour placing ones head within the door. Second, I undid the lantern cautiously-oh, so cautiously cautiously (for the hinges creaked) I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights every night just at midnig ht but I found the eye always closed and so it was impossible to do the work for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart). There are two contradict points in above sentence.One is that everyone should have a consciousness if at that place is a single thin ray fell upon our eyes much less, the old man have been done like this lasting for eight days. The other one is that the narrator says that killing the old man only happens when that the old mans vulture-blue eye is open. But if the old man opens his eye, he will know the narrator is going to kill him, also, when someone knows that you are going to be killed, you may shout or make some big mental disturbances or even some body reactions. In this way, this event may be found by others.According to the story, this kind of condition is not a result that the narrator wants. So we can know these things are contradict. Third, And the old man sprang up in bed, crying out Whos there? I kept quite still and said nothing. For a whole hour I did not move a muscle, and in the meantime I did not hear him lie down. He was still sitting up in the bed hearing (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart). Generally speaking, afterwards we say whos there? we usually go check out what happens or keep sleeping if no one answer us. We wont sit up in the bed listening for a whole hour.Fourth, I knew that he had been lying awake ever since the first slight noise (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart), and although he neither saw nor comprehend (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart). One says the old man comprehend something, the other one says he didnt hear or see anything. These two sentences conflict to distributively other. Fifth, the sound would be heard by a neighbor (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart), and it would not be heard through the wall (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart). If the sound would be heard by a neighbor, it would be heard by a neighbor.If the sound would not be heard through the war, it would not be heard by a neighb or. So, we could know these two sentences conflict to each other. Sixth, There was nothing to wash out no stain of any kind no blood-spot some(prenominal) (Poe, The Tell Tale Heart). The narrator cut off the old mans head, legs and arms. It is impossible that no blood is on the floor. To sum up, according those contradictions, we could suspect reasonably that the narrator is insane and the narrator doesnt kill the old man, this whole story is imagined by the narrator.In conclusion, after reading The Tell-Tale Heart, we can know that this story is not only a horrible story, it also teach us every story great power have some significant meanings behind them. Reading is not only to understand the meanings on the muster but also to think deeply and train our ability of analyzing mentally. We should not be afraid of those symbols, and we shouldnt be frustrated by those symbols we should try our best to think about what the writers try to tell us truly. Works Cited Booth, Alison and Ke lly J. Mays, eds. The Norton Introduction to Literature. 10th ed. New York Norton, 2010. Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart

Restructure of the Global Economy after the Financial Crises Essay

Restructure of the Global preservation after the Financial Crises - Essay ExampleKenneth come in and his team of corrupt executives stole millions of dollars in motion bonuses. He cooked up the books, created fake shell corporations, and misguided the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the general public more or less the actual state of affairs at Enron. I would ask Kenneth Lay near the start of the mannequin of corruption at Enron. Did he ever think that the corruption at his company would get so much out of control? Does he feel any remorse for destroying the value of Enron from $90 a stock to less $1? The stockholders of Enron lost over $11 zillion due to the ir responsible actions of Kenneth Lay and his crew of bandits (Suddath). The second person I started to talk to at the party was Bernard Madoff. Once upon a m Bernard Madoff was in charge of what seemed to be one of the most successful investment funds in the industry. In reality Bernard Madoff was not inves ting any of the money he was receiving from investors. Bernard Madoff was running a $50 billion ponzi scheme. The revelation is considered one of the biggest financial scandals in the history of Wall Street. Upon meeting Mr. Madoff I would ask him nigh his illicit operations. What was different about your ponzi scheme? How were you able to hide the truth from investors from so long? If you had to do it again would you make the same decisions? Bernard Madoff wasted his financial intellect robbing people of their hard earn money. The contiguous two persons I got a chance to talk to during the party were Milton Friedman and Adam metalworker. Both these gentlemen have no association to the disgraceful scandals Kenneth Lay and Bernard Madoff were involved with. Milton Friedman has worked throughout his biography as an economist, professor, and author of many another(prenominal) books. In 1976 Milton Friedman won the Nobel Prize for economics. In 1962 he wrote the book Capitalism and Freedom. Adam smith throughout his lifetime was a philosopher and economist. He introduced the topic of self-interest into the business world. Today Smiths reputation rests on his explanation of how rational self-interest in a free-market economy leads to economic well being (Econlib). I would sit in a round table with both Milton and Adam to discuss the financial crisis of 2008 and ideas on how to improve the global economy today. During the financial crisis of 2008 the global economy hit rock bottom as the world entered into a recession that devastated the standard of living of billions of humans across the world. The banking industry was one of the parties responsible for the crisis due to the fact that they were making housing loans to people that did not qualify. The housing market fell and many Americans were faced with negative equity on their homes. Bankruptcies skyrocketed during the financial crisis of 2008. I would ask both Adam Smith and Milton Friedman if they thought the crisis could have been prevented. I would take advantage of this opportunity to speak with these two renounced economists to discuss ideas about how to improve the global economy. An idea that I have that is aligned with the self-interest perspective of Adam Smith is imposing a global tax. The global tax would equal 2% of the gross domestic harvesting (GDP) of each nation. The organization responsible for charging the tax would be the United Nations. The money gathered from this tax would be used to provide economic assistance to the

Patents and their role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patents and their role - Essay ExampleIntroduction Writers, artisans, artist, scientists transform their idea into tangible products or property which is reflective of alone the research and effort done in achieving that final product. When this property is protected under the law it is called intellectual property make ups (IP). Patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets are all examples of intellectual property rights. Inventions, innovations, discoveries and artistic work etc. are as old as man history then why clears are required now. With the onset of globalization and communication mediums such as internet etc. information and knowledge transfers very easily at a very lavishly speed. Patent rights prevent others from copying, making, using or selling the property. Patent is basically a reward to the inventor. This newspaper aims at studying in detail what exactly patent rights are? What was the need of their development and writ of execution? Some research relat ed to rules and regulations of the patent law leave behind too be conducted. The paper will also discuss the importance and benefits of patents. ingenious Property Rights Intellectual property can be be as the product of human intellect which have commercial value and that is protected by law. Intellectual property generally includes creative works, products, processes, imagery, inventions and services. These intellectual properties are protected through patents, copyrights and trademarks. Intellectual property rights along with other regulations and court decisions secure the rights through following activities. Firstly it includes restriction on selling or licensing of intellectual properties. Secondly, resolution of conflict between companies over intellectual properties and services. Lastly it involves administrative procedures such as registration and administration of intellectual property rights. There are three types of intellectual property rights patent law, copy righ t law and trademark law. Patent types Patent law is further divided into three categories according to the type of the product. The three categories are utility, design and plant. The most common type of patent right is utility patent. Utility patent is usually reserved for the invention of a new yet non-obvious product. The inventor of this innovative product is granted the exclusive right of selling, using and making of this product for a flow of about 17-18 years. The patent granted for new but nonfunctional design is for the period of 14 years. The exit date of the patent of plant is the longest it lasts for twenty years (Stim). Utility patents as described above are reserved for new, non-obvious, innovative and useful discoveries. These discoveries are further categorized into five types namely processes, machines, manufacturers, compositions of occasion or improvement into any of these types. Design pattern is granted for an article of manufacturer (Law). Features of Paten t A patent is not just a legal document but it is a technical outlet and it even serves the purpose of a sales brochure. It is called a technical document because it must contain satisfactory information about the product which is useful for person interested in making and using the patent. such(prenominal) a document is a source of technical information for the public which is not available otherwise. It also serves the purpos

Discussion board 5 international relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion board 5 international relation - Essay ExampleIt also may occur when individual efforts argon brought or encouraged to rationalize and justify the groups finiss (Russett, Starr and Kinsella, 2009, 179). The determination to go in war with Iraq, taken by Bush G all overnment in 2003, was characterized by more direct pressures on those who argue against the typecasts of the group. The group thus is more likely to have features of unquestioned teaching in justifying what it does, a general consensus that it is for good and a very different view that what opponents indulge with are quite evil-like-doings. Some academic scholars like Barash and Weber are of the opinion that terror is a dying resort of weak as means of self defense and are those who feel militarily unable(p) to confront their perceived enemies and thus use violence (Horowitz, 2007, p. 45). Based on this view, they argued that Americas decision of war with Iraq was basically a way of new-imperialism, in wh ich a Centre nation uses power over periphery nations (Galtung, p.

An assessment of Paris competitive strategy in the European tourism Dissertation

An assessment of Paris hawkish strategy in the European tourism exertion - Dissertation ExampleI would likewise requirement to appreciate the research staff for their help and contribution. They encourage me by ascertaining that the research will be effective. Their way supported me in handling with day-to-day issues and problems. I would also like to express my gratitude for those participants who supported me in collecting information. With the support of their concern and trust, information was gathered originally. Without their contribution, it was not possible to gather the information. Finally, I want to express my heartfelt gratitude for my family and friends who encouraged me and helped me in carrying out this research. They established my confidence through which I was confident to complete this study. Their trust and belief helped me immensely in acquiring my aim and doing this study no-hitly. Abstract The tourism market is one of the biggest and rapid growing indus tries all around the world. As per the World tourism Organizations predictions, the assiduity will remain to flourishing and use more people in the 21st century. Along with the exploitation of the tourism and hospitality market internationally, expectations of consumers and demands for higher quality are augmenting while consumer preferences are varying also (Montanari and Williams, 1995). Competition among the organizations, both internationally and nationally, is getting intense on one another. In this industrial context of use of increased consumer expectations, different market areas that demand special products and services, and tough competition, hospitality and tourism firms are face for ways to progress in service quality, competition, customer satisfaction and performance, this paper takes the perception that humans and organizational behaviors are closely related with the success and failure of the tourism industry and help in the movement of the desired goals throug h exceptional performance (Buzard, 1993). The purpose of this dissertation is to focus the core concepts related with the successful tourism and through a Paris case study, recommendations and suggestions for one of the major metropolitan of Europe capital of the United Kingdom has created an immense opportunity to explore the subject in detail. Table of Contents Acknowledgements 2 Abstract 3 Chapter Two Literature Review 7 Chapter Three Humans and Organizations Behaviors in Tourism Industry 8 Organizational Behaviour 9 Criteria to Measure Competitiveness in the Tourism Industry 9 Tourism in Paris 12 Competitive Advantages 13 Suggestions for Paris 16 Annual Investments 18 Chapter quaternary Data Analysis and Findings 20 References 25 Chapter One Introduction 1.1. Dissertation Overview Tourism has emerged one of the more or less crucial aspect and the most profit generating performance in numerous small island emerging states. It has alter into the source of employment generation and revenue for small islands people (Zuelow, 2011). A transformation in the tourism requirement for an island may have a big impact on the GDP (Gross domestic help Product), which refers to the total worth of services and goods generated in a country in a specific cessation of time, normally a year, the Balance of payments and the budget (Ashworth and Kavaratzis, 2010). Tourism has transformed into a highly developing industry in the current state of business, where destinations majorly depend on their natural and few manmade assets to make their tourism market. It is sometimes a core component for economic development and progress. The economic influence of tourism has shifted the

The effect of economic crisis to the marketing strategy of Volkswagen Literature review - 3

The effect of economical crisis to the marketing strategy of Volkswagen in Asian market. The case of Vietnam - Literature review ExampleIn attachment to that, the report will as well as provide some recommendation regarding how the company can deal with the issue. correspond to Dicken (2007), the automobile industry is adjudged to be one of the most globalised industrial sphere of influences in the world. Similarly, in Vietnam automobile sector is a booming. The major automobile companies operating in the market of Vietnam are Daewoo, Daihatsu, Ford/Mazda, Daimler Benz, Hino Motors, Isuzu, Mekong, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Toyota, Truong Hai and Volkswagen (Ohno and Cuong, 2004). These companies manufacture motorcar of different shapes, sizes, designs and categories (Sturgeon, 1998). According to reports, Truong Hai is the market leader in the automobile sector of Vietnam with a market parcel of land of 28.9 %. Next to Truong Hai, Toyota holds 27 % of the market share. The report als o pointed out that the overall sales of cars in Vietnam beastly by 2 % in the year 2011 thereby reflecting a falling demand of vehicles (ResearchAndMarkets, 2012). In improver to this, due to the Thai flooding the manufacturing process had been also disrupted. Apart from the natural calamities, one of the major reasons of diminution demand of commercial cars in Vietnam is the global economic crisis. As a result, companies are forced to veer down their operating cost and create a balance between the net income and net cost.Similarly, in case of Volkswagen, the demand of their cars in Vietnam has also reduced substantially. Due to the reducing demand for their cars, the company also reduced the costs pertaining to various operations. Moreover, the global economic downturn also had a substantial equal in the marketing strategy of the company (Volkswagen Annual Report, 2011). Now in order to uncover, how and in what shipway the economic downturn has affected the company, a primary interrogation has been carried out. The findings from the study are presented below.The first research question of the study is related to the